List of Contributors. 1. Introduction (Apostolis K. Salkintzis and Nikos Passas). 1.1 Evolving Towards Wireless Multimedia Networks. 1.2 Multimedia Over Wireless. 1.3 Multimedia Services in WLANs. 1.4 Multimedia Services in WPANs. 1.5 Multimedia Services in 3G Networks. 1.6 Multimedia Services for the Enterprise. 1.7 Hybrid Multimedia Networks and Seamless Mobility. 1.8 Book Contents. References. PART ONE: MULTIMEDIA ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES. 2. Multimedia Coding Techniques for Wireless Networks (Anastasios Delopoulos). 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Basics of Compression. 2.3 Understanding Speech Characteristics. 2.4 Three Types of Speech Compressors. 2.5 Speech Coding Standards. 2.6 Understanding Video Characteristics. 2.7 Video Compression Standards. References. 3. Multimedia Transport Protocols for Wireless Networks (Pantelis Balaouras and Ioannis Stavrakakis). 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Networked Multimedia-based Services. 3.3 Classification of Real-time Services. 3.4 Adaptation at the Video Encoding Level. 3.5 Quality of Service Issues for Real-time Multimedia Services. 3.6 Protocols for Multimedia-based Communication Over the Wireless Internet. 3.7 Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP). 3.8 RTP Payload Types. 3.9 RTP in 3G. References. 4. Multimedia Control Protocols for Wireless Networks (Pedro M. Ruiz, Eduardo Mart -nez, Juan A. Sa-nchez and Antonio F. Go-mez-Skarmeta). 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 A Premier on the Control Plane of Existing Multimedia Standards. 4.3 Protocol for Describing Multimedia Sessions: SDP. 4.4 Control Protocols for Media Streaming. 4.5 Session Setup: The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). 4.6 Advanced SIP Features for Wireless Networks. 4.7 Multimedia Control Panel in UMTS: IMS. 4.8 Research Challenges and Opportunities. Acknowledgement. References. 5. Multimedia Wireless Local Area Networks (Sai Shankar). 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Overview of Physical Layers of HiperLAN/2 and IEEE 802.11a. 5.3 Overview of HiperLAN/1. 5.4 Overview of HiperLAN/2. 5.5 IEEE 802.11 MAC. 5.6 Overview of IEEE 802.11 Standardization. 5.7 IEEE 802.11e HCF. 5.8 Simulation Performance of IEEE 802.11. 5.9 Support for VoIP in IEE 802.11e. 5.10 Video Transmission Over IEEE 802.11E. 5.11 Comparison of HiperLAN/2 and IEEE 802.11E. 5.12 Conclusions. References. 6. Wireless Multimedia Personal Area Networks: An Overview (Minal Mishra, Aniruddha Rangnekar and Krishna M. Sivalingam). 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Multimedia Information Representation. 6.3 Bluetooth1 (IEEE 802.15.1). 6.4 Coexistence with Wireless LANs (IEEE 802.15.2). 6.5 High-Rate WPANs (IEEE 802.15.3). 6.6 Low-rate WPANs (IEEE 802.15.4). 6.7 Summary. References. 7. QoS Provision in Wireless Multimedia Networks (Nikos Passas and Apostolis K. Salkintzis). 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 QoS in WLANs. 7.3 RSVP over Wireless Networks. 7.4 QoS in Hybrid 3G/WLAN Networks. 7.5 UMTS/WLAN Interworking Architecture. 7.6 Interworking QoS Considerations. 7.7 Performance Evaluation. 7.8 Performance Results. 7.9 Conclusions. Acknowledgements. References. 8. Wireless Multimedia in 3G Networks (George Xylomenos and Vasilis Vogkas). 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Cellular Networks. 8.3 UMTS Networks. 8.4 Multimedia Services. 8.5 IMS Architecture and Implementation. 8.6 MBMS Architecture and Implementation. 8.7 Quality of Service. 8.8 Summary. 8.9 Glossary of Acronyms. References. PART TWO: WIRELESS MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES. 9. Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) (Alessandro Andreadis and Giovanni Giambene). 9.1 Introduction to WAP Protocol and Architecture. 9.2 WAP Protocol Stack. 9.3 WAP languages and Design Tools. 9.4 WAP Service Design Principles. 9.5 Performance of WAP over 2G and 2.5G Technologies. 9.6 Examples of Experimented and Implemented WAP Services. References. 10. Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) (Alessandro Andreadis and Giovanni Giambene). 10.1 Evolution From Short to Multimedia Message Services. 10.2 MMS Architecture and Standard. 10.3 MMS Format. 10.4 Transaction Flows. 10.5 MMS-based Value-added Services. 10.6 MMS Development Tools. 10.7 MMS Evolution. References. 11. Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS) (John Buford and Mahfuzur Rahman). 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Client. 11.3 Design Considerations. 11.4 Protocols. 11.5 Security and Protocols. 11.6 Evolution, Direction and Challenges. 11.7 Summary. References. 12. Instant Messaging Enabled Mobile Payments (Stamatis Karnouskos, Tadaaki Arimura, Shigetoshi Yokoyama and Bala-zs Csik). 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Instant Messaging Mobile Payment Scenario. 12.3 The Generic MP and IM Platforms of IMMP. 12.4 Design of an IM-enabled MP System. 12.5 Implementation. 12.6 Security and Privacy in IMMP. 12.7 Conclusions. References. 13. Push-to-Talk: A First Step to a Unified Instant Communication Future (Johanna Wild, Michael Sasuta and Mark Shaughnessy). 13.1 Short History of PTT. 13.2 Service Description. 13.3 Architecture. 13.4 Standardization. 13.5 Service Access. 13.6 Performance. 13.7 Architecture Migration. 13.8 Possible Future, or PTT Evolving to PTX. 14. Location Based Services (Ioannis Priggouris, Stathes Hadjiefthymiades and Giannis Marias). 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Requirements. 14.3 LBS System. 14.4 Available LBS Systems. Acknowledgement. References. Index.
This major handbook covers the structural use of brick and blockwork. A major feature is a series of step-by-step design examples of typical elements and buildings. The book has been revised to include updates to the code of practice BS 5628:2000-2 and the 2004 version of Part A of the Building Regulations. New information on sustainability issues, innovation in masonry, health and safety issues and technical developments has been added.
Mastering the Semi-Structured Interview and Beyond offers an in-depth and captivating step-by-step guide to the use of semi-structured interviews in qualitative research. By tracing the life of an actual research project-an exploration of a school district's effort over 40 years to address racial equality-as a consistent example threaded across the volume, Anne Galletta shows in concrete terms how readers can approach the planning and execution of their own new research endeavor, and illuminates unexpected real-life challenges they may confront and how to address them. The volume offers a close look at the inductive nature of qualitative research, the use of researcher reflexivity, and the systematic and iterative steps involved in data collection, analysis, and interpretation. It offers guidance on how to develop an interview protocol, including the arrangement of questions and ways to evoke analytically rich data. Particularly useful for those who may be familiar with qualitative research but have not yet conducted a qualitative study, Mastering the Semi-Structured Interview and Beyond will serve both undergraduate and graduate students as well as more advanced scholars seeking to incorporate this key methodological approach into their repertoire.
Provides a guide to the general principles of Scottish law relevant to construction contracts and the main provisions of the standard forms of construction contract used in Scotland including: the obligations of employers and contractors certification payment ending a construction contract remedies subcontracts collateral warranties insurance dispute resolution regulatory matters The new edition has been substantially updated and expanded to take account of the latest editions of the Scottish Standard Building Contracts and recent case law. Specific updates have been driven by the following changes to legislation and standard contracts Local Democracy Economic Development and Construction Act 2009 and the relative Scheme for Construction Contracts Arbitration (Scotland) Act 2010 Recognising the significant increase in use of NEC3 standard forms of contract, references to NEC3 provisions have been introduced throughout the relevant chapters so that each now covers the common law, the SBCC provisions and the NEC3 provisions. It also features new chapters on: litigation; competition; the Bribery Act 2010; and guarantees and bonds. From reviews of previous editions: ‘very approachable and readable… I would particularly recommend this book to non-legal construction professionals’ – Construction & Engineering Law ‘an informative textbook for the practitioner… [a] significant contribution to knowledge’ – Arbitration ‘a highly competent… textbook which would be of value for industry professionals with no legal background’ – Construction Law
"campaigns cost money--a lot of money. In 2012, mitt romney, barack obama, and their allies collectively spent more than $2 billion in the race for the presidency, with both sides spending more than $1 billion. Looking just at money raised by the campaigns from individual donors, the obama campaign outraised the republicans by over $500 million in 2008 and over $250 million in 2012.1"--
Villa Madama, Raphael's late masterwork of architecture, landscape, and decoration for the Medici popes, is a paradigm of the Renaissance villa. The creation of this important, unfinished complex provides a remarkable case study for the nature of architectural invention. Drawing on little known poetry describing the villa while it was on the drawing board, as well as ground plans, letters, and antiquities once installed there, Yvonne Elet reveals the design process to have been a dynamic, collaborative effort involving humanists as well as architects. She explores design as a self-reflexive process, and the dialectic of text and architectural form, illuminating the relation of word and image in Renaissance architectural practice. Her revisionist account of architectural design as a process engaging different systems of knowledge, visual and verbal, has important implications for the relation of architecture and language, meaning in architecture, and the translation of idea into form.
This book describes the concept of a Software Defined Mobile Network (SDMN), which will impact the network architecture of current LTE (3GPP) networks. SDN will also open up new opportunities for traffic, resource and mobility management, as well as impose new challenges on network security. Therefore, the book addresses the main affected areas such as traffic, resource and mobility management, virtualized traffics transportation, network management, network security and techno economic concepts. Moreover, a complete introduction to SDN and SDMN concepts. Furthermore, the reader will be introduced to cutting-edge knowledge in areas such as network virtualization, as well as SDN concepts relevant to next generation mobile networks. Finally, by the end of the book the reader will be familiar with the feasibility and opportunities of SDMN concepts, and will be able to evaluate the limits of performance and scalability of these new technologies while applying them to mobile broadb and networks.
In handling so vast a mass of material I dare not hope that all inaccuracies, all slips of the pen have been eliminated. The danger has been ever present before my eyes, but no one can realize as well as the author the extreme difficulty of guarding against all errors. I can only ask the reader's indulgence for such as may have escaped me.
Behind every style of architecture there is an earlier style, in which the germ of every form is to be found except such alterations as may be traced to new conditions, or directly innovating thought in religion, all is the slow change of growth, and it is almost impossible to point to the time of invention of any custom or feature. As Herbert Spencer says of cere monial generally: 'adhering tenaciously to all his elders taught him, the primitive man deviates into novelty only through unintended modifications. Every one now knows that languages are not devised but evolve; and the same is true of usages.' It has, rightly, been the habit of historians of architecture to lay stress on the differences of the several styles and schools of successive ages, but, in the far larger sense.
Too many elements, whether of history, architecture, or art, are still wanting for the execution of such a colossal undertaking, and for carrying it out in the manner which I have in view: I mean the writing of a History based essentially on historical facts, on monuments of ascertained date, examined by the author in person, if not in every, at least in most cases, supposing that they are still in existence, and also founded on logical inferences. My work, on the contrary, is devoted solely to an inquiry into the origins and the development of the elements which were destined to form one branch of that style. But it is the main branch, because religious archi tecture has always been the principal representative of the great building art: save only in the days of the Roman Empire, when architectural science found its highest expression in the Baths and Tombs.
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