Williams, Mike, Realist Tradition and the Limits of International Relations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), pp.ix+236 RAE2008
Part I. Introduction to International Security and Security Studies: 1. International relations and international security: boundaries, levels of analysis, and falsifying theories 2. The foundations of security studies: Hobbes, Clausewitz and Thucydides 3. Testing security theories: explaining the rise and demise of the Cold War Part II. Contending Security Theories: 4. Realism, neo-realism and liberal institutionalism 5. Economic liberalism and Marxism Part III. Validating Security Theories: 6. Behaviorism 7. Constructivism Conclusions: 8. Whither international security and security studies?
Drawing upon philosophy and social theory, Social Theory of International Politics develops a theory of the international system as a social construction. Alexander Wendt clarifies the central claims of the constructivist approach, presenting a structural and idealist worldview which contrasts with the individualism and materialism which underpins much mainstream international relations theory. He builds a cultural theory of international politics, which takes whether states view each other as enemies, rivals or friends as a fundamental determinant. Wendt characterises these roles as 'cultures of anarchy', described as Hobbesian, Lockean and Kantian respectively. These cultures are shared ideas which help shape state interests and capabilities, and generate tendencies in the international system. The book describes four factors which can drive structural change from one culture to another - interdependence, common fate, homogenization, and self-restraint - and examines the effects of capitalism and democracy in the emergence of a Kantian culture in the West.
1. Introduction: classical theory and international relations in context Beate Jahn Part I. Intellectual Contexts: 2. Pericles, realism, and the normative conditions of deliberate action Sara Monoson and Michael Loriaux 3. Immanuel Kant and the democratic peace John MacMillan 4. 'One powerful and enlightened nation': Kant and the quest for a global rule of law Antonio Franceschet 5. Rousseau and Saint-Pierre's peace project: a critique of 'history of international relations theory' Yuichi Aiko Part II. Political Contexts: 6. The savage smith and the temporal walls of capitalism David L. Blaney and Naeem Inayatullah 7. Property and propriety in international relations: the case of John Locke David Boucher 8. Classical smoke, classical mirror: Kant and Mill in liberal international relations theory Beate Jahn Part III. Lineages: 9. The 'other' in classical political theory: Re-contextualising the cosmopolitan/communitarian debate Robert Shilliam 10. Images of Grotius Edward Keene 11. The Hobbesian theory of international relations: three traditions Michael C. Williams 12. Re-appropriating Clausewitz: the neglected dimensions of counter-strategic thought Julian Reid.
Part I. Geopolitical Illusions and their Consequences: 1. The unipolar fantasy 2. Hubris in the Middle East 3. The broken West Part II. The Nature and Limits of American Power: 4. Assessing America's soft and hard power 5. Feeding American power: the economic base 6. Power and legitimacy among Western states Part III. World Order in the New Century: 7. American and European models.
Realism and constructivism, two key contemporary theoretical approaches to the study of international relations, are commonly taught as mutually exclusive ways of understanding the subject. Realist Constructivism explores the common ground between the two, and demonstrates that, rather than being in simple opposition, they have areas of both tension and overlap. There is indeed space to engage in a realist constructivism. But at the same time, there are important distinctions between them, and there remains a need for a constructivism that is not realist, and a realism that is not constructivist. Samuel Barkin argues more broadly for a different way of thinking about theories of international relations, that focuses on the corresponding elements within various approaches rather than on a small set of mutually exclusive paradigms. Realist Constructivism provides an interesting new way for scholars and students to think about international relations theory.
Most questions commonly asked about international politics are ethical ones. Should the international community intervene in Bosnia? What do we owe the starving in Somalia? What should be done about the genocide in Rwanda? Yet, Mervyn Frost argues, ethics is accorded a marginal position within the academic study of international relations. In this book he examines the reasons given for this, and finds that they do not stand up to scrutiny. He goes on to evaluate those ethical theories which do exist within the discipline - order based theories, utilitarian theories, and rights based theories - and finds them unconvincing. He elaborates his own ethical theory, constitutive theory, which is derived from Hegel, and highlights the way in which we constitute one another as moral beings through a process of reciprocal recognition within a hierarchy of institutions which include the family, civil society, the state, and the society of states.
International environmental law has come of age, yet the global environment continues to deteriorate. The challenge of the twenty-first century is to reverse this process by ensuring that governments comply fully with their obligations, and progressively assume stricter duties to preserve the environment. This book is the first comprehensive examination of international environmental litigation. Analysing the spectrum of adjudicative bodies that are engaged in the resolution of environmental disputes, it offers a reappraisal of their relevance in contemporary contexts. The book critiques the contribution that arbitral awards and judicial decisions have made to the development of environmental law, and considers the looming challenges for international litigation. With its unique combination of scholarly analysis and practical discussion, this work is especially relevant to an era in which environmental matters are increasingly being brought before international jurisdictions, and will be of great interest to students and scholars engaged with this vital field.
1. Introduction 2. Rationality, welfare and the organic analogy 3. Co-operation, the surplus and the theory of underconsumption 4. An evolutionary framework for international relations 5. The domestic determinants of an imperialistic foreign policy 6. The international relations of imperialism 7. Economic internationalism, free trade and international government 8. International government and the maintenance of peace 9. J. A. Hobson and liberal internationalism.
Why have some interstate crises escalated to war when other have not? Are there patterns of behavior that war-prone disputes share in common? These are some of the questions considered by Russell Leng as he examines the behavior of nations in forty militarised crises occurring between 1816 and 1980. Leng considers the conditions under which crises are more or less likely to escalate to war or be resolved peacefully and compares the descriptive and prescriptive validity of two competing perspectives on conflict behavior: classical realism and the psychological approaches of behavioral scientists. The author concludes that elements of both realist and psychological perspectives are necessary for an adequate understanding of interstate crisis behavior and that the most effective approach to crisis bargaining combines each perspective in a firm-but-flexible 'reciprocating' strategy. The epilogue presents a provocative critique of the bargaining strategies pursued by the United States and Iraq during the Gulf Crisis of 1990–1991.
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