Between 1979 and 1986 Iran, Nicaragua, and the Philippines underwent dramatic political and social revolutions. This book examines the conditions and processes that gave rise to revolutions and their outcomes, through an in-depth analysis of economic and political developments in these countries. The book studies the background to revolution provided by state formation and development, economic intervention, the states' vulnerabilities, and the social consequences of their development policies. Extensive primary data is used to analyze the impact of the collective actions and ideologies of the major social groups involved - students, clergy, workers, and capitalists - and how they affected the potential for a successful revolutionary outcome. Parsa challenges prevailing theories of social revolution and develops an alternative model that incorporates variables from a wide variety of perspectives. His book provides a valuable framework within which to understand the causes of revolutions, their mechanics and development, and their outcomes.
Using a wide range of legal, administrative and literary sources, this study explores the role of the royal pardon in the exercise and experience of authority in Tudor England. It examines such abstract intangibles as power, legitimacy, and the state by looking at concrete life-and-death decisions of the Tudor monarchs. Drawing upon the historiographies of law and society, political culture and state formation, mercy is used as a lens through which to examine the nature and limits of participation in the early modern polity. Contemporaries deemed mercy as both a prerogative and duty of the ruler. Public expectations of mercy imposed restraints on the sovereign's exercise of power. Yet the discretionary uses of punishment and mercy worked in tandem to mediate social relations of power in ways that most often favoured the growth of the state.
Introduction 1. Women and Soviet power 2. 'Where steel cracks like glass' 3. 'Our famous Valia'. The rise of a Soviet notable 4. 'Envy for everything heroic'. Women volunteering for the frontier 5. 'Bol'shevichki were never ascetics!': female morale and Communist morality 6. Snivelers and patriots Conclusion.
1. Summers of discontent: business-state politics in the Middle East 2. Organizing first: business and political authority during state formation 3. Politics and profits 4. Crises at century's end 5. Is business the solution?
1. Defining the Exilic Condition 2. Forceful Displacement, the Construction of Collective Identities and State Formation 3. The Format of Exile 4. Sites of Exile 5. Widening Exclusion and the Four-Tiered Structure of Exile 6. Exile Communities, Activism and Politics 7. Presidents in Exile 8. Is Return the End of Exile?
Preface Acknowledgements Part I. Context and Parameters: 1. Contexts of military change in the Grand Siecle 2. Army growth Part II. Administration and Supply: 3. The military administration 4. Food and fodder 5. Providing other essentials 6. The tax of violence and contributions Part III. Command: 7. The costs of regimental command 8. The culture of command 9. The high command Part IV. The Rank and File: 10. Army composition 11. Recruitment 12. Discipline and desertion 13. Elements of morale and motivation: dependence and loyalty Part V. The Practice of War: 14. Weaponry and tactics 15. Learning and practising the art of field warfare 16. Positional warfare Epilogue: insights on state formation Bibliography Index.
1. Nation, state and identity at international borders 2. State formation and national identity in the Catalan borderland during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries 3. A western perspective on an eastern intepretation of where north meets south: Pyrenean borderland cultures 4. The 'new immigration' and the transformation of the European/Africa frontier 5. Transnationalism in California and Mexico at the end of empire 6. National identity on the frontier: Palestinians in the Israeli educational system 7. 'Grenzregime': the Wall and its aftermath 8. Transcending the state? Gender and borderline constructions of citizenship in Zimbabwe 9. Borders, boundaries, tradition and state on the Malaysian periphery 10. Markets, morality and modernity in north-east Turkey 11. Imagining 'the south': hybridity, heterotropies and Arabesk on the Turkish Syrian border.
Map of Australia List of tables Preface 1. The social structure of British hegemony Part I. The Colonial Economy Enters the World Market (1788-1830): 2. The transition from penal to commercial colony 3. The world-economic origins of colonial wool growing Part II. The Squatting Phase of Pastoralism (1830s and 1840s): 4. Squatting and colonial politics 5. Merchants and growers 6. Pastoral enterprise in the colonial economy 7. The conservative character of pastoralism Part III. Confronting the Agrarian Question (1840-1900): 8. The 1840s crisis and social transition 9. Foundations of the agrarian question 10. State formation and transformation of the landed economy Conclusion Appendixes References Index.
Debates about the role and nature of the state are at the heart of modern politics. However, the state itself remains notoriously difficult to define, and the term is subject to a range of different interpretations. In this book, distinguished state theorist Bob Jessop provides a critical introduction to the state as both a concept and a reality. He lucidly guides readers through all the major accounts of the state, and examines competing efforts to relate the state to other features of social organization. Essential themes in the analysis of the state are explored in full, including state formation, periodization, the re-scaling of the state and the state's future. Throughout, Jessop clearly defines key terms, from hegemony and coercion to government and governance. He also analyses what we mean when we speak about 'normal' and 'exceptional' states, and states that are 'failed' or 'rogue'. Combining an accessible style with expert sensitivity to the complexities of the state, this short introduction will be core reading for students and scholars of politics and sociology, as well as anyone interested in the changing role of the state in contemporary societies.
1. What People Need From Each Other. 2. How People Are Connected To One Another. 3. What People Expect Of One Another. 4. How People Distinguish Themselves From One Another: Stratification. 5. How People Form One Another: Socialization and Civilization. 6. What People Believe, Know And Think: Orientation. 7. How People Attune Their Efforts To One Another: Competition and Coordination. 8. How People Perform Tasks Together: Collective Action. 9. How People Produce For Others and Exchange Goods: Division Of Labour, Market Formation and Payment. 10. How People Cooperate On The Basis Of Rules and Instructions: Organization. 11. How People Form States and States Form People: State Formation And State Intervention. 12. Globalization: Towards A Worldwide Society?. Further Reading. Index.
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