This book is the first of a series of volumes that cover the topic of aerospace actuators following a systems-based approach. This first volume provides general information on actuators and their reliability, and focuses on hydraulically supplied actuators. Emphasis is put on hydraulic power actuators as a technology that is used extensively for all aircraft, including newer aircraft. Currently, takeovers by major corporations of smaller companies in this field is threatening the expertise of aerospace hydraulics and has inevitably led to a loss of expertise. Further removal of hydraulics teaching in engineering degrees means there is a need to capitalize efforts in this field in order to move it forward as a means of providing safer, greener, cheaper and faster aerospace services. The topics covered in this set of books constitute a significant source of information for individuals and engineers seeking to learn more about aerospace hydraulics.
Commercial Aircraft Hydraulic Systems: Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press Aerospace Series focuses on the operational principles and design technology of aircraft hydraulic systems, including the hydraulic power supply and actuation system and describing new types of structures and components such as the 2H/2E structure design method and the use of electro hydrostatic actuators (EHAs). Based on the commercial aircraft hydraulic system, this is the first textbook that describes the whole lifecycle of integrated design, analysis, and assessment methods and technologies, enabling readers to tackle challenging high-pressure and high-power hydraulic system problems in university research and industrial contexts. Commercial Aircraft Hydraulic Systems is the latest in a series published by the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press Aerospace Series that covers the latest advances in research and development in aerospace. Its scope includes theoretical studies, design methods, and real-world implementations and applications. The readership for the series is broad, reflecting the wide range of aerospace interest and application. Titles within the series include Reliability Analysis of Dynamic Systems, Wake Vortex Control, Aeroacoustics: Fundamentals and Applications in Aeropropulsion Systems, Computational Intelligence in Aerospace Engineering, and Unsteady Flow and Aeroelasticity in Turbomachinery.Presents the first book to describe the interface between the hydraulic system and the flight control system in commercial aircraftFocuses on the operational principles and design technology of aircraft hydraulic systems, including the hydraulic power supply and actuation system Includes the most advanced methods and technologies of hydraulic systemsDescribes the interaction between hydraulic systems and other disciplines
Standard symbols for fluid power systems simple hydraulic circuits described by standard symbols water as the hydraulic medium hydraulic pumps hydraulic motors hydraulic valves power supplies design of water hydraulic systems conclusion - outlook for water hydraulic technology appendix a - conversion of units appendix b - conversion of units for viscosity (kinematics) appendix c - hardness of specifications appendix d - ISO/CETOP symbols appendix e - technical specifications of Nessie pumps appendix f - manufacturers of components/systems for water hydraulics.
Rapid growth in water requirements makes it necessary to increase the amount of water drawn from rivers. The dams necessary for capturing river water have to be built to resist damage when large floods occur, and an idea of the possible destructive power of floods is given by the front photograph. The need for protection results in thick sill structures fitted with gates, and "upstream" and "downstream" cut-off walls. Sediment transported by rivers settles forming deposits behind dams, where flow velocities decrease. On the other hand, where flow velocities are high through hydraulic machinery (pums and turbines) fed from the dam, it can be necessary to remove even fine sand from the water, and also to remove floating debris. Various hydro-mechanical installations (including gates and screens) are introduced into the flow circuits to deal with sediment and debris problems. Many emperical solutions to definition of very important details complement standard design procedures. Understanding of their use is facilitated by numerous illustrations.
Fundamentals of Hydraulic Systems and Components, I. von Linsingen and V.J. De Negri Seals and Seal Compatibility, R.E. Zielinski and C.M.A. Chilson Physical Properties and their Determination, T. Kazama and G.E. Totten Fluid Viscosity and Viscosity Classification, B.G. Kinker Control and Management of Particle Contamination in Hydraulic Fluids, J.C. Fitch Lubrication Fundamentals, L.D. Wedeven and K.C. Ludema Hydraulic Fluid and System Standards, P.W. Michael and T.S. Wanke Biodegradable Hydraulic Fluids, I.-S. Rhee Fire-Resistance Testing Procedures and Standards of Hydraulic Fluids, J.V. Sherman Bench and Pump Testing Procedures, D. Smrdel and D.L. Clason Noise and Vibration of Fluid Power Systems, S.N.Y. Gerges, D. Nigel Johnston, and L. Zanetti Rocha Failure Analysis, A. Dias Petroleum Oil Hydraulic Fluids, J.R. Sander Emulsions, B.B. Filippini, J.J. Mullay, Y. Sun, and G.E. Totten Water-Glycol Hydraulic Fluids, J.V. Sherman Water Hydraulics, K.T. Koskinen and M.J. Vilenius Polyol Ester Fluids, P.R. Vettel Biobased and Biodegradable Hydraulic Oils, L.A.T. Honary Phosphate Ester Hydraulic Fluids, W.D. Phillips Polyalphaolefins and Other Synthetic Hydrocarbon Fluids, R.L. Shubkin, L.J. Gschwender, and C.E. Snyder, Jr. Food-Grade Hydraulic Fluids, S. Hamid
Introduction What Is Fluid Power? A Brief History of Fluid Power Fluid Power Applications, Present and Future Advantages of Using Fluid Power Systems A Probable Future Development Properties of Fluids and Their Units Basic Properties of Fluids Compressibility of Liquids Steady State Modeling Rationale for Model Development Source of Equations Conservation of Flow and Energy Friction Losses in Pipes and Fittings Basic Component Equations Worked Examples Discussion Dynamic Modeling Development of Analytical Methods Software Options Dynamic Effects Worked Examples Modeling Hints and Tips Discussion Linear Systems Analysis Introduction Linear Systems The Laplace Transform Inversion, the Heaviside Expansion Method Stability Block Diagrams Spring-Mass-Damper Time Response to Unit Step Force Time Constant Frequency Response and Feedback Introduction Mathematics of Frequency Response Frequency Response Diagrams Using Frequency Response to Find Controller Gain Summary Valves and Their Uses Introduction Directional Control Valves Special Directional Control Valves, Regeneration Flapper Nozzle Valve Flow Control Elements Relief Valves Unloading Valve Pressure Reducing Valve Pressure Sequencing Valve Counterbalance Valve Flow Regulator Valve Pumps and Motors Configuration of Pumps and Motors Pump and Motor Analysis Leakage Form of Characteristic Curves Axial Piston Pumps and Motors Pressure During a Transition Torque Affected by Pressure Transition - Axial Piston Pump Torque and Flow Variation with Angle for Multicylinder Pumps Hydrostatic Transmissions Introduction Performance Envelope Hydrostatic Transmission Physical Features Hydrostatic Transmission Dynamic Analysis Pressure Regulating Valve Purpose of Valve Operation of Valve Mathematical Model of Valve Effect of Damping Valve Model Expansion Basic Valve Model Model Expansion An Assessment of Modeling Flow Division Introduction The Hydraulic Ohm Method Brief Review of DC Electrical Circuit Analysis Fluid Power Circuit Basic Relationships Consolidation of Fluid Power Resistances Application to Unsteady State Flow Conclusions Noise Control Introduction Discussion of Method Mathematical Model Effect of Entrained Air in Fluid Further Discussion of the Mathematical Model Other Methods of Noise Control Damping Methods Index
Using water in hydraulic systems introduction to water physical properties of water water chemistry water microbiology corrosion in aqueous systems water treatment.
Hydraulics and Pneumatics: A Technician's and Engineer's Guide provides an introduction to the components and operation of a hydraulic or pneumatic system. This book discusses the main advantages and disadvantages of pneumatic or hydraulic systems.Organized into eight chapters, this book begins with an overview of industrial prime movers. This text then examines the three different types of positive displacement pump used in hydraulic systems, namely, gear pumps, vane pumps, and piston pumps. Other chapters consider the pressure in a hydraulic system, which can be quickly and easily controlled by devices such as unloading and pressure regulating valves. This book discusses as well the importance of control valves in pneumatic and hydraulic systems to regulate and direct the flow of fluid from compressor or pump to the various load devices. The final chapter deals with the safe-working practices of the systems.This book is a valuable resource for process control engineers.
This book has been designed to provide a fundamental knowledge of the geological structure and properties of rocks and rock masses. It sets out laboratory and field methods for examining these media, presents physical and mechanical models used in their description, and reviews geotechnical classifications, discussing their use in solving various engineering tasks. Three basic problems of rock mechanics are discussed, namely, the distribution of stresses, the criteria and mechanisms of failure in rocks and rock masses, and the hydraulics of water flow in rock masses, together with effects associated with this flow. Attention is also paid to methods for solving basic engineering problems related to the behaviour of the bedrock on which various hydrostructures have been founded, are planned to be founded, or are in the process of being constructed.A prominent feature of the book is its methodical approach. It offers a sympathetic survey of the problems involved and enables the reader to select, according to the adopted criteria, an appropriate method for the solution of the engineering problem at hand by following the ready-to-use procedure included. In addition, numerous drawings, abundant tabulated data, and an extensive bibliography, permits the reader to gain a deeper knowledge of the problems under consideration.The book will be of interest to those concerned with hydrotechnical projects, lecturers and students in higher technical schools, and researchers investigating the problems of rock mechanics.
Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics is a collection of papers from the Proceedings of the First Australian Conference held at the University of Western Australia on December 6-13, 1962 at Nedlands, Australia. This book deals with the science of hydraulics and fluid mechanics in their practical uses in industry and research. In special situations when high-pressure oil is used in mechanical equipment, hydraulic lock is preferred for valve control. This book reviews the pressure drop in the pneumatic transfer of granular solids in a pipe where a formula is derived to determine the pressure drop when using either a straight or bent pipe. This text also discusses the improvements on the cavitation performance of flow pumps by using prerotation at design points. The construction of a dam in Tasmania provides another study on the behavior of rock-fill slopes subjected to seepage. Here, the book analyzes the hydraulic forces acting on the rock particles, and explains theories on the derivation of the dynamic equation for spatially varied flow with increasing discharge on a steep slope. The book also examines the concept of critical depth in spatially varied flow with increasing discharge on a steep slope. This book investigates the use of a computer model designed to determine the methods of draining flooded farmlands either through hydraulically or electrically operated drainage systems. This text also evaluates the cost of constructing a project. This collection is suitable for people in the field of applied mathematics, physics, and engineering.
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