Achieve accurate and reliable parameter extraction using this complete survey of state-of-the-art techniques and methods. A team of experts from industry and academia provides you with insights into a range of key topics, including parasitics, intrinsic extraction, statistics, extraction uncertainty, nonlinear and DC parameters, self-heating and traps, noise, and package effects. Learn how similar approaches to parameter extraction can be applied to different technologies. A variety of real-world industrial examples and measurement results show you how the theories and methods presented can be used in practice. Whether you use transistor models for evaluation of device processing and you need to understand the methods behind the models you use, or you want to develop models for existing and new device types, this is your complete guide to parameter extraction.
Surveyed in this book are the kinetics of non-linear mass transfer and its effects on hydrodynamic stability in systems with intensive interphase mass transfer, in electrochemical systems with high current density and in chemically reacting systems. In Part 1 the non-linear mass transfer as a result of an intensive interphase mass transfer in the gas (liquid)-solid surface, gas-liquid and liquid-liquid systems is considered in the duffusion boundary layer approximation as well as in flat channel taking the longitudinal diffusion into account. The influence of the direction of the intensive interphase mass transfer on heat transfer and multi-component mass transfer is illustrated. Part 2 discusses non-linear mass transfer in electrochemical systems with high current density using the examples of the anode dissolving of metals in the electrolyte flow and the electro-separation of metals out of concentrated solutions. The theory of the measured electrochemical treatment of metals and alloys, which is a method of wide practical use, has been elaborated on this basis. In Part 3 the non-linear mass transfer in chemically reacting systems is considered in the cases of: non-linearity of the equations of the chemical reaction's kinetics and intensive interphase mass transfer or thermo-capillary effect due to chemical reactions.
Transport Mediated by Electrified Interfaces provides an overview of the innovative use of electro-kinetic phenomena in experimentally exploring non-equilibrium regions of chemically non-reacting systems. Transport phenomena mediated by charged liquid-liquid interfaces and solid-liquid interfaces are also covered. Transport phenomena mediated by electrified interfaces are discussed in the context of a number of important areas, including, soil/water systems, phase transfer catalysis, animal/plant physiology and mimicking taste/smell sensing mechanisms.Provides an overview of the innovative use of electro-kinetic phenomenaDiscusses conventional electro-kinetics and other transport phenomena mediated by charged interfacesOf special interest to those working in the area of interface science
Nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equations in Transport Processes
Strategies for Palladium-Catalyzed Non-directed and Directed C-H Bond Functionalization portrays the complete scope of these two aspects of C-H bond functionalization in a single volume for the first time. Featured topics include the influence of palladacyclic systems in C-H bond functionalization (need for newer catalytic systems for better efficiency), mechanistic aspect of the functionalization strategies leading to better systems, and applications of these methodologies to natural product synthesis and material synthesis.Addresses the involvement of catalytic systems (palladacycles) for better functionalization of (hetero)arenes to emphasize the need for developing better, more selective systemsCovers the use of powerful mechanistic tools for understanding and assisting the development of better functionalization strategiesDiscusses the finer aspects of C-H bond functionalization, such as control of regioselectivity with or without directing groupsIncludes a chapter detailing the synthesis of naturally occurring molecules or functional molecules via both pathways for assessing the applicability of the functionalization strategies
Medicare and Medicaid provide nonemergency medical transportation (NEMT) services to eligible beneficiaries who need transportation to scheduled nonemergency care. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) administers Medicare NEMT benefits and is responsible for overseeing Medicaid at the federal level. Spending on NEMT under these programs was $2.7 billion in 2013—$1.2 billion for Medicare and $1.5 billion for Medicaid. Increased demand for NEMT because of increased Medicaid enrollment has led states to seek ways to more efficiently operate NEMT. This book examines key features of NEMT services under Medicare and Medicaid and how these services are delivered; steps CMS has taken to oversee NEMT under Medicare as well as Medicaid; and the challenges that exist in providing NEMT under Medicaid and steps that selected state Medicaid agencies have taken to address those challenges.
Nonlinear optical phenomena have been widely investigated and well understood since the invention of the Laser. Lots of applications of the nonlinear optical phenomena have always been advanced in various fields, such as, optical information storage, all-light computing, optical switch, optical limiters, micro-nano-fabrication, etc. Nonlinear optics has been developed into a subfield of optics, and there is no indication that either the developments of nonlinear optics or its applications are slowing down. In nonlinear optics, the characterization and measurement techniques of the nonlinear index are critical for understanding the nonlinear physical process and developing new applications. In this book, different optical nonlinearity characterization and measurement methods are introduced and nonlinear problems are discussed theoretically. This book is invaluable to advanced undergraduates, graduate students and researchers working in the fields of physics, materials, and chemistry.
The special issue on “advances in nonlinear heat transfer in fluids and solids” of the journal “diffusion foundations” present a number of novel computational modelling of various nonlinear heat transfer in solids and fluid flow problems. Reported articles in this special issue cover solids thermal stability, reactive fluid flow, nanofluids dynamics, magnetohydrodynamics, newtonian and non-newtonian fluid flow, natural convection, forced convection, mixed convection, porous media flow and thermal radiation absorption effects. We hope that this special issue will inspire and benefit eclectic audience of academics, researchers and engineers from numerous fields of human endeavours.
This invaluable research monograph presents a unified and fascinating theory of generalized functionals of Brownian motion and other fundamental processes such as fractional Brownian motion and Levy process — covering the classical Wiener-Ito class including the generalized functionals of Hida as special cases, among others. It presents a thorough and comprehensive treatment of the Wiener-Sobolev spaces and their duals, as well as Malliavin calculus with their applications. The presentation is lucid and logical, and is based on a solid foundation of analysis and topology. The monograph develops the notions of compactness and weak compactness on these abstract Fock spaces and their duals, clearly demonstrating their nontrivial applications to stochastic differential equations in finite and infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces, optimization and optimal control problems.Readers will find the book an interesting and easy read as materials are presented in a systematic manner with a complete analysis of classical and generalized functionals of scalar Brownian motion, Gaussian random fields and their vector versions in the increasing order of generality. It starts with abstract Fourier analysis on the Wiener measure space where a striking similarity of the celebrated Riesz-Fischer theorem for separable Hilbert spaces and the space of Wiener-Ito functionals is drawn out, thus providing a clear insight into the subject.
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