The author's name alone, is a sufficient guarantee that the different subjects have been well handled, and the artistic work speaks for itself in the illustrations and maps.As to the expense of a trip through, or a sojourn in this part of New England, the individual tastes must be consulted, and upon a reference to the list of excursions, hotels and boarding-houses accompanying the book, will, no doubt, answer any inquiries in that direction.In regard to the facilities for reaching the points and places of interest referred to, it need only be said that the Boston and Maine, having its pecuniary interests in view, is bound to furnish the best there is in the way of road-bed, train service and rolling stock, and at rates to meet the necessities or desires of the public.
Volume 5 in the Catalysts for Fine Chemical Synthesis series describes new procedures for the regio- and stereo-controlled transformations of compounds involving oxidation or reduction reactions. It describes a wide range of catalysts, including organometallic systems, biocatalysts and biomimetics. This volume also includes descriptions of a variety of conversions, including: Baeyer-Villiger oxidations; Epoxidation reactions; Hydroxylation reactions; Oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids; Reduction of ketones; and Reduction of alkenes including α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. The book will be an important text for practising synthetic organic chemists in industry and academia. Protocols are written in a standard format by the authors who have discovered them Hints, tips and safety advice (where appropriate) is given to ensure that the procedures are reproducible Indications are given as to the range of starting materials used and, where appropriate, comparisons to alternative methodology Includes relevant references to the primary literature.
This book demonstrates how NMR relaxation can be applied for structural diagnostics of chemical compounds, recognition of weak intermolecular interactions, determinations of internuclear distances and lengths of chemical bonds when compounds under investigation can exist only in solutions. Written as a textbook for chemists, demanding little background in physics and NMR Its practical approach helps the reader to apply the techniques in the lab First book to teach NMR Relaxation techniques to chemists
A frequency synthesizer is one of the most critical building blocks in any wireless transceiver system. Its design is getting more and more challenging as the demand for low-voltage low-power high-frequency wireless systems continuously grows. As the supply voltage is decreased, many existing design techniques are no longer applicable. This book provides the reader with architectures and design techniques to enable CMOS frequency synthesizers to operate at low supply voltage at high frequency with good phase noise and low power consumption. In addition to updating the reader on many of these techniques in depth, this book will also introduce useful guidelines and step-by-step procedure on behaviour simulations of frequency synthesizers. Finally, three successfully demonstrated CMOS synthesizer prototypes with detailed design consideration and description will be elaborated to illustrate potential applications of the architectures and design techniques described. For engineers, managers and researchers working in radio-frequency integrated-circuit design for wireless applications.
The reconnection of magnetic fields is one of the most fascinating processes in plasma physics, responsible for phenomena such as solar flares and magnetospheric substorms. The concept of reconnection has developed through recent advances in exploring the magnetospheres of the Sun and Earth through theory, computer simulations and spacecraft observations. The great challenge in understanding it stems from balancing the large volumes of plasma and magnetic fields involved with the energy release with the physical mechanism which relies on the strongly localized behavior of charged particles. This book, edited by and with contributions from leading scientists in the field, provides a comprehensive overview of recent theoretical and observational findings concerning the physics of reconnection and the complex structures that may give rise to, or develop from, reconnection. It is intended for researchers and graduate students interested in the dynamics of plasmas.
This book provides an introduction to the general principles of nuclear magnetic resonance and relaxation, concentrating on simple models and their application. The concepts of relaxation and the time domain are particularly emphasised. Some relatively advanced topics are treated, but the approach is graduated and all points of potential difficulty are carefully explained. An introductory classical discussion of relaxation is followed by a quantum-mechanical treatment. Only when the the principles of relaxation are firmly established is the density operator approach introduced; and then its power becomes apparent. A selection of case studies is considered in depth, providing applications of the ideas developed in the text. There are a number of appendices, including one on random functions. This treatment of one of the most important experimental techniques in modern science will be of great value to final-year undergraduates, graduate students and researchers using nuclear magnetic resonance, particularly physicists, and especially those involved in the study of condensed matter physics.
Atom-probe field ion microscopy is currently the only technique capable of imaging solid surfaces with atomic resolution, and at the same time of chemically analysing surface atoms selected by the observer from the field ion image. Field ion microscopy has been successfully used to study most metals and many alloys, and recently good field ion images of some semiconductors and even ceramic materials such as high temperature superconductors have been obtained. Although other microscopies are capable of achieving the same resolution, there are some experiments unique to field ion microscopy - for example the study of the behaviour of single atoms and clusters on a solid surface. The elegant development of the field ion microscope with the atom probe has provided a powerful and useful technique for highly sensitive chemical analysis. This book presents the basic principles of atom-probe field ion microscopy and illustrates the various capabilities of the technique in the study of solid surfaces and interfaces at atomic resolution. A useful comparison is given with two related techniques, electron microscopy and scanning tunnelling microscopy. The book will be of interest to scientists working on surfaces and interfaces of materials at the atomic level and will provide a useful reference for those using this technique.
The subject selected by the Examiners for the Adams Prize for 1899 wasThe Theory of the Aberration of Light.The phenomena of aberration depend upon the relations of the ether and matter and must therefore be intimately associated with many other facts of nature. In the following essay an attempt is made to construct a theory of the electromagnetic field which shall be consistent with the modern interpretation of chemical, optical and magnetic phenomena in terms of electrically charged particles. That a particular case of such a theory would explain aberration was proved by H. A. Lorentz in the year 1892.Since the essay was returned by the examiners I have thought it advisable to remove some defects and obscurities which did not appreciably affect the main argument.
The elements on which the determination of the Earth's Magnetic force is usually based, are the declination, the inclination or dip, and the intensity the declination is the angle which the magnetic axis of a freely suspended magnet, or the line of the magnetic meridian, makes with the true or astronomical meridian the inclination is the angle by which one of the extremities of a dipping needle, or magnet freely suspended by its centre of gravity, dips below the horizon; the intensity is the force exerted on a dipping needle (or magnet so suspended) to retain it in its position of equilibrium, or the power with which, when withdrawn from this position, it tends to revert to it.
The electromagnetic field is found for an infinitely-thin per fectly-connoting helix subject to a monochromatic excitation. It is first assumed that such a field would induce a sinusoidal current on the helix.
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