The Collection of Temne Traditions, Fables etc., as contained in the I. Part of the following pages, was received by the author from one of the oldest Temne men living at port-loko about twelve years ago, who has since died. These Traditions etc. Were of course delivered orally not in writing.
Fourthly. — That there is, even to this day, an earnest demand for the work.
The second half of the Book of Songs is full of instances of this power3 in the Return, the poet in his travels is led from the Rhine, where the Lurlei, the sentinel, the forester's hut, suggest nothing but thoughts of despairing gloom, to the sea shore, where the same effect continues, and thence to the town where the object of his attachment had resided. He wanders through the streets, — he revisits her house, — he gazes on her picture; the parsonage in the churchyard supplies him with a picture of family misery 3 he looks out from his windows on the cheerless rainy night3 and in the marketings of the old woman, and the selfish indolence of her lovely daughter, finds new food for his misanthropy.
Author's preface.1 Introduction2 Preliminaries2.1 The physics of speech production2.2 The source-filter model2.3 Information-bearing features of the speech signal2.4 Time-frequency representations2.5 Classifications of acoustic patterns in speech2.6 Temporal invariance and stationarity2.7 Taxonomy of linguistic structure3 Mathematical models of linguistic structure3.1 Probabilistic functions of a discrete Markov process3.2 Formal grammars and abstract automata4 Syntactic analysis4.1 Deterministic parsing algorithms4.2 Probabilistic parsing algorithms4.3 Parsing natural language5 Grammatical inference5.1 Exact inference and Gold's theorem5.2 Baum's algorithm for regular grammars5.3 Event counting in parse trees5.4 Baker's algorithm for context-free grammars6 Information-theoretic analysis of speech communication6.1 The Miller et al. experiments6.2 Entropy of an information source6.3 Recognition error rates and entropy7 Automatic speech recognition and constructive theories of language7.1 Integrated architectures7.2 Modular architectures7.3 Parameter estimation from fluent speech7.4 System performance7.5 Other speech technologies8 Automatic speech understanding and semantics8.1 Transcription and comprehension8.2 Limited domain semantics8.3 The semantics of natural language8.4 System architectures8.5 Human and machine performance9 Theories of mind and language9.1 The challenge of automatic natural language understanding9.2 Metaphors for mind9.3 The artificial intelligence program10 A speculation on the prospects for a science of the mind10.1 The parable of the thermos bottle: measurements and symbols10.2 The four questions of science10.3 A constructive theory of the mind10.4 The problem of consciousness10.5 The role of sensorimotor function, associative memory and reinforcement learning in automatic acquisition of spoken language by an autonomous robot10.6 Final thoughts: predicting the course of discovery
The original list of which this is a revision was made for guidance in the preparation of the Standard Dictionary, and adopted after many competent critics had expressed their approval of it.
Preface. Acknowledgements. PART 1: INTRODUCTION. 1. Introduction to the Basics of Molecular Biology. 1.1 Basic cell architecture. 1.2 The structure, content and scale of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). 1.3 History of the human genome. 1.4 Genes and proteins. 1.5 Current knowledge and the 'central dogma'. 1.6 Why proteins are important. 1.7 Gene and cell regulation. 1.8 When cell regulation goes wrong. 1.9 So, what is bioinformatics? 1.10 Summary of chapter. 1.11 Further reading. 2. Introduction to Problems and Challenges in Bioinformatics. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Genome. 2.3 Transcriptome. 2.4 Proteome. 2.5 Interference technology, viruses and the immune system. 2.6 Summary of chapter. 2.7 Further reading. 3. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science. 3.1 Introduction to search. 3.2 Search algorithms. 3.3 Heuristic search methods. 3.4 Optimal search strategies. 3.5 Problems with search techniques. 3.6 Complexity of search. 3.7 Use of graphs in bioinformatics. 3.8 Grammars, languages and automata. 3.9 Classes of problems. 3.10 Summary of chapter. 3.11 Further reading. PART 2: CURRENT TECHNIQUES. 4. Probabilistic Approaches. 4.1 Introduction to probability. 4.2 Bayes' Theorem. 4.3 Bayesian networks. 4.4 Markov networks. 4.5 References. 5. Nearest Neighbour and Clustering Approaches. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Nearest neighbour method. 5.3 Nearest neighbour approach for secondary structure protein folding prediction. 5.4 Clustering. 5.5 Advanced clustering techniques. 5.6 Application guidelines. 5.7 Summary of chapter. 5.8 References. 6. Identification (Decision) Trees. 6.1 Method. 6.2 Gain criterion. 6.3 Over fitting and pruning. 6.4 Application guidelines. 6.5 Bioinformatics applications. 6.6 Background. 6.7 Summary of chapter. 6.8 References. 7. Neural Networks. 7.1 Method. 7.2 Application guidelines. 7.3 Bioinformatics applications. 7.4 Background. 7.5 Summary of chapter. 7.6 References. 8. Genetic Algorithms. 8.1 Single-objective genetic algorithms - method. 8.2 Single-objective genetic algorithms - example. 8.3 Multi-objective genetic algorithms - method. 8.4 Application guidelines. 8.5 Genetic algorithms - bioinformatics applications. 8.6 Summary of chapter. 8.7 References and Further Reading. PART 3: FUTURE TECHNIQUES 9. Genetic Programming. 9.1 Method. 9.2 Application guidelines. 9.3 Bioinformatics applications. 9.4 Background. 9.5 Summary of chapter. 9.6 References. 10. Cellular Automata. 10.1 Method. 10.2 Application guidelines. 10.3 Bioinformatics applications. 10.4 Background. 10.5 Summary of chapter. 10.6 References and Further Reading. 11. Hybrid Methods. 11.1 Method. 11.2 Neural-genetic algorithm for analyzing gene expression data. 11.3 Genetic algorithm and k nearest neighbour hybrid for biochemistry solvation. 11.4 Genetic programming neural networks for determining gene-gene interactions in epidemiology. 11.5 Application guidelines. 11.6 Conclusions. 11.7 Summary of chapter. References and Further Reading. Index.
The Most Complete, Real-World Guide to Compiler Developmentand the Principles of Trustworthy Compilers Drawing on the author's over thirty years of expertise in compiler development, research, and instruction, Trustworthy Compilers introduces and analyzes the concept of trustworthy compilers and the principles of trustworthy compiler development, and provides analytical overview of other promising research works in this area. Vladimir Safonov shares the benefit of his long experience as a teacher and compiler development professional to explain thateven in such a well-studied area as compilersthere is still an opportunity for original results, efficient algorithms, and promising research and development. Beginning with a definition of the trustworthy compiler and a review of the history of compiler development, Trustworthy Compilers features: A complete overview of all essential compiler topics, including lexical analysis, parsing, semantic analysis, compiler optimization, code generation, and traditional and modern approaches to runtime Efficient, ready-to-apply algorithms for various phases of compilation, especially for semantic analysis, developed by the author and used in his real compilers High-yield coverage of graph compilersa novel compiler development areaplus related concepts such as graph grammars and graph compilers, and editor development tools such as DiaGen Real projectsusing examples of real compilersthat cover the key topics related to compiler development and compiling methods A survey of novel kinds of compilation, including just-in-time (JIT) and ahead-of-time (AOT) compilation, which are characteristic of modern software development platforms Java and .NET Sections on modern compiler toolssuch as ANTLR, CoCo/R, and SableCC Covering both classical techniques and innovative ones not covered by other books, Trustworthy Compilers helps both practicing professionals and students meet the challenge of?making compilers more trustworthy. The book's companion Web page (www.vladimirsafonov.org/trustworthycompilers) provides an overview of the book and related resources for compiler teachers and students.
The essential guide to grammars with context conditions This advanced computer science book systematically and compactly summarizes the current knowledge about grammars with context conditions-an important area of formal language theory. According to the types of context conditions, this self-contained reference classifies them into grammars with context conditions placed on the domains of grammatical derivations, the use of grammatical productions, and the neighborhood of the rewritten symbols. The focus is on grammatical generative power, important properties, simplification, reduction, implementation, and applications, most of which are related to microbiology. The text features: * Up-to-date coverage of grammatical concepts based on context conditions * Self-contained explanations without assumption of any previous knowledge * Clear definitions and exact proofs preceded by intuitive explanations * Numerous easy-to-implement grammatical transformations * Realistic applications * Relation to mathematics, linguistics, and biology * Additional material and information about the book available on accompanying Web site (see preface for details) Practitioners and advanced students in theoretical computer science and related areas- including mathematics, linguistics, and molecular biology-will find Grammars with Context Conditions and Their Applications an essential reference for this cutting-edge area of formal language theory.
Berlioz's Orchestration Treatise is a classic textbook which has been used as a guide to orchestration and as a source book for the understanding both of Berlioz's music and of orchestral practice in the nineteenth century. This was the first English translation of Berlioz's complete text since 1856, and it is accompanied throughout by Hugh Macdonald's extensive and authoritative commentary on the instruments of Berlioz's time and on his own orchestral practice, as revealed in his scores. It also includes extracts from Berlioz's writings on instruments in his Memoirs and in his many articles for the Parisian press. The Treatise has been highly valued both for its technical information about instruments but also for its poetic and visionary approach to the art of instrumentation. Berlioz was not only one of the great orchestrators of the nineteenth century, he was also the author with the clearest understanding of the art.
How does a child become bilingual? The answer to this intriguing question remains largely a mystery, not least because it has been far less extensively researched than the process of mastering a first language. Drawing on new studies of children exposed to two languages from birth (English and Cantonese), this book demonstrates how childhood bilingualism develops naturally in response to the two languages in the children's environment. While each bilingual child's profile is unique, the children studied are shown to develop quite differently from monolingual children. The authors demonstrate significant interactions between the children's developing grammars, as well as the important role played by language dominance in their bilingual development. Based on original research and using findings from the largest available multimedia bilingual corpus, the book will be welcomed by students and scholars working in child language acquisition, bilingualism and language contact.
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