Computational Analysis and Understanding of Natural Languages: Principles, Methods and Applications, Volume 38, the latest release in this monograph that provides a cohesive and integrated exposition of these advances and associated applications, includes new chapters on Linguistics: Core Concepts and Principles, Grammars, Open-Source Libraries, Application Frameworks, Workflow Systems, Mathematical Essentials, Probability, Inference and Prediction Methods, Random Processes, Bayesian Methods, Machine Learning, Artificial Neural Networks for Natural Language Processing, Information Retrieval, Language Core Tasks, Language Understanding Applications, and more. The synergistic confluence of linguistics, statistics, big data, and high-performance computing is the underlying force for the recent and dramatic advances in analyzing and understanding natural languages, hence making this series all the more important. Provides a thorough treatment of open-source libraries, application frameworks and workflow systems for natural language analysis and understandingPresents new chapters on Linguistics: Core Concepts and Principles, Grammars, Open-Source Libraries, Application Frameworks, Workflow Systems, Mathematical Essentials, Probability, and more
Presents the state of the technology and points to future directions for semantic computing Semantic computing, a rapidly evolving interdisciplinary field, seeks to structure, design, and manipulate computer content to better satisfy the needs and intentions of users and create a more meaningful user experience. This remarkable contributed work examines the art, engineering, technology, and applications of the field. Moreover, it brings together researchers from such disciplines as natural language processing, software engineering, multimedia semantics, semantic Web, signal processing, and pattern recognition in order to provide a single source that presents the state of the technology and points to new breakthroughs on the horizon. Semantic Computing begins with an introduction that explores the concepts, technology, applications, and future of semantic computing. Next, the book is divided into four parts: Part One: Semantic Analysis Part Two: Semantic Languages and Integration Part Three: Semantic Applications Part Four: Semantic Programming and Interface As readers progress through the book, they,ll learn not only the underlying science, but also the fundamental technological building blocks of semantic computing. Moreover, they,ll discover a variety of cross-disciplinary solutions to current computing and communication problems. Throughout the book, references to the primary literature enable further investigation of each individual topic. Semantic Computing is ideal for industrial managers, researchers, and engineers seeking to design the next generation of computing systems in order to better meet user needs. It is also recommended as a textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate-level semantic computing courses.
This book explains how to build Natural Language Generation (NLG) systems - computer software systems which use techniques from artificial intelligence and computational linguistics to automatically generate understandable texts in English or other human languages, either in isolation or as part of multimedia documents, Web pages, and speech output systems. Typically starting from some non-linguistic representation of information as input, NLG systems use knowledge about language and the application domain to automatically produce documents, reports, explanations, help messages, and other kinds of texts. The book covers the algorithms and representations needed to perform the core tasks of document planning, microplanning, and surface realization, using a case study to show how these components fit together. It also discusses engineering issues such as system architecture, requirements analysis, and the integration of text generation into multimedia and speech output systems.
Introduction Laurie Karttunen and Arnold M. Zwicky 1. Measuring syntactic complexity relative to discourse context Alice Davison and Richard Lutz 2. Interpreting questions Elisabet Engdahl 3. How can grammars help parsers? Stephen Crain and Janet Dean Fodor 4. Syntactic complexity Lyn Frazier 5. Processing of sentences with intrasentential code switching Aravind K. Joshi 6. Tree adjoining grammars: how much context-sensitivity is required to provide reasonable structural descriptions Aravind K. Joshi 7. Parsing in functional unification grammar Martin Kay 8. Parsing in a free word order language Lauri Karttunen and Martin Kay 9. A new characterization of attachment preferences Fernando C. N. Pereira 10. On not being led up the garden path: the use of context by the pscyhological syntax processor Stephen Crain and Mark Steedman 11. Do listeners compute linguistic representations? Michael K. Tanenhaus, Greg N. Carlson and Mark S. Seidenberg Notes References Index.
Linguistics: The Cambridge Survey is a comprehensive introduction to current research in all branches of the field of linguistics, from syntactic theory to ethnography of speaking, from signed language to the mental lexicon, from language acquisition to discourse analysis. Each chapter has been written by a specialist particularly distinguished in his or her field who has accepted the challenge of reviewing the current issues and future prospects in sufficient depth for the scholar and with sufficient clarity for the student. Each volume can be read independently and has a particular focus. Volume I covers the internal structure of the language faculty itself, while Volume II considers the evidence for, and the implications of, a generativist approach to language. Psycholinguistics and neurolinguistics are covered in Volume III, and Volume IV concentrates on sociolinguistics and the allied fields of anthropological linguistics and discourse and conversation analysis. Several of the chapters in the work concentrate on the interface between different aspects of linguistic theory or the boundaries between linguistic theory and other disciplines. Thus in both its scope and in its approach the Survey is a unique and fundamental work of reference. It undoubtedly fulfils the editor's principal aim of providing a wealth of information, insight and ideas that will excite and challenge all readers with an interest in linguistics. 'The contributions are informed, up-to-date and lucid, and many of them make unusual - in fact, unprecedented - efforts to present opposing viewpoints fairly and to look at what they have in common rather than at what divides them. ...The mixture of detached overviews and strongly argued positions works very well, in my view, and the editor is to be congratulated for the high standards that are maintained throughout. The tremendous intellectual energy and excitement of the field come through strongly, and I shan't hesitate to recommend many of the chapters to students.' -- The Times Higher Education Supplement
Linguistics: The Cambridge Survey is a comprehensive introduction to prevalent research in all branches of the field of linguistics, from syntactic theory to ethnography of speaking, from signed language to the mental lexicon, from language acquisition to discourse analysis. Each chapter has been written by a specialist particularly distinguished in his or her field who has accepted the challenge of reviewing the current issues and future prospects in sufficient depth for the scholar and with sufficient clarity for the student. Each volume can be read independently and has a particular focus. Volume I covers the internal structure of the language faculty itself, while Volume II considers the evidence for, and the implications of, a generativist approach to language. Psycholinguistics and neurolinguistics are covered in Volume III, and Volume IV concentrates on sociolinguistics and the allied fields of anthropological linguistics and discourse and conversation analysis. Several of the chapters in the work concentrate on the interface between different aspects of linguistic theory or the boundaries between linguistic theory and other disciplines. Thus in both its scope and in its approach the Survey is a unique and fundamental work of reference. It undoubtedly fulfils the editor's principal aim of providing a wealth of information, insight and ideas that will excite and challenge all readers with an interest in linguistics.
Grammatical Categories and Cognition uses original, empirical data to examine the Sapir-Whorf linguistic relativity hypothesis: the proposal that the grammar of the particular language we speak affects the way we think about reality. The author compares the grammar of American English with that of Yucatec Maya, an indigenous language spoken in south-eastern Mexico, focusing on differences in the number marking patterns of the two languages. He then identifies distinctive patterns of thought relating to these differences by means of a systematic assessment of memory and classification preferences among speakers of both languages. The study illustrates the distinct approach to empirical research on the linguistic relativity hypothesis which Lucy develops in a companion volume Language Diversity and Thought.
From the Publisher: Lexical semantics has become a major research area within computational linguistics, drawing from psycholinguistics, knowledge representation, and computer algorithms and architecture. Research programs whose goal is the definition of large lexicons are asking what the appropriate representation structure is for different facets of lexical information. Among these facets, semantic information is probably the most complex and the least explored. Computational Lexical Semantics is one of the first volumes to provide models for the creation of various kinds of computerized lexicons for the automatic treatment of natural language, with applications to machine translation, automatic indexing, and database front-ends, knowledge extraction, among other things. It focuses on semantic issues, as seen by linguists, psychologists, and computer scientists. Besides describing academic research, it also covers ongoing industrial projects.
This well-illustrated book outlines a framework for the analysis of syntactic structure from a perspective of a systematic functional grammar. In oart, the book goes back to the grammar's "scale and category" roots, but now with the aim of presenting how a descriptive framework illustrating how the analysis of the syntactic structure can reflect the meaning structure.The contents are divided into four sections. Section one gives a brief overview of systematic grammar, including the linguistic system, context of situation, and language fractions. Developing the lexicogrammar, section two considers formal units and their classes, but the principal focus is on section three, which covers the role of units as elements of structure. Section four discusses areas of structural complexity and concludes with several refinements to the analysis format.
1. Introduction, Paul Baker 2. Metaphor, Alice Deignan 3. Corpora and Critical Discourse Analysis, Gerlinde Mautner 4. Corpus stylistics and the Pickwickian watering-pot, Michaela Mahlberg 5. The metalanguage of impoliteness: Using Sketch Engine to explore the Oxford English Corpus, Jonathan Culpeper 6. Issues in the design and development of software tools for corpus studies: The case for collaboration, Laurence Anthony 7. Compatibility between corpus annotation efforts and its effect on computational linguistics, Adam Meyers 8. Spoken corpus analysis: Multimodal approaches to language description, Irina Dahlmann & Svenja Adolphs 9. Fixed collocational patterns in isolexical and isotextual versions of a corpus, David Oakey 10. Corpus linguistics and language variation, Michael P. Oakes 11. Integrating learner corpus analysis into a probabilistic model of second language acquisition, Yukio Tono 12. English language teaching and corpus linguistics: Lessons from the American National Corpus, Randi Reppen 13. The impact of corpora of dictionaries, Patrick Hanks 14. Using corpora in translation studies: The state of the art, Richard Xiao & Ming Yue 15. Corpus linguistics and the languages of South Asia: Some current research directions, Andrew Hardie 16. The web as corpus versus traditional corpora: Their relative utility for linguists and language learners, Robert Lew 17. Building and analyzing corpora of computer-mediated communication, Brian King Bibliography Index.
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