A comprehensive, practical guide to wood-plastic composites and their properties This is the first book that presents an overview of the main principles underlying the composition of wood-plastic composite (WPC) materials and their performance in the real world. Focusing on the characteristics of WPC materials rather than their manufacture, this guide bridges the gap between laboratory-based research and testing and the properties WPC materials exhibit when they're used in decks, railing systems, fences, and other common applications. Complete with practical examples and case studies, this guide: Describes compositions of WPC materials, including thermoplastics, cellulose fiber, minerals, additives, and their properties Covers mechanical properties, microbial resistance, water absorption, flammability, slip resistance, thermal expansion-contraction, sensitivity to oxidation and solar radiation, and rheological properties of hot melts of WPC Covers subjects that determine esthetics, properties, performance, and durability of wood-plastic composite products Includes comparisons of different ASTM methods and procedures that apply to specific properties This is a comprehensive, hands-on reference for scientists, engineers, and researchers working with wood-plastic composites in plastics and polymers, materials science, microbiology, rheology, plastic technology, and chemical engineering, as well as an outstanding text for graduate students in these disciplines. It's also an excellent resource for suppliers and WPC manufacturers, and an accessible guide for developers, homebuilders, and landscape architects who want to know more about wood-plastic composites and their performance in the real world.
Growth of the total industry from 1951 to the end of 1957 is projected at 49 percent for Western Europe and 46 per cent for the United States. The growth for the world as a whole over this 6-year period is projected at 71 percent. The chemical fiber industry is comprised of individual firms manufacturing a particular fiber or several different fibers of varying characteristics and from numerous source materials. The major groupings of chemical fibers from the standpoint of use characteristics and origin are (l) rayon and acetate staple fibers (cellulosic origin.
FROM THE INTRODUCTION"Considerable effort has gone into the study of various aspects of flammability and of various plastic materials, so that these materials which are proving so useful to man will always be used in ways which will not compromise his safety. The task is a continuing one, because the family of plastics continues to grow, and, a
This book has been prepared as a reference on manufacturing techniques and applications of fiberglass reinforced plastics. It provides discussion of properties, concepts and is written for the potential user to summarize advantages in usage. The book contains nine chapters of discussion of relationships between polymers, reinforcements and uses, as well as a useful glossary of plastics and engineering terms. There is a wide interest in fiberglass reinforced plastics due to useful properties which meet a great many product and use requirements, as well as the relative ease with which such products can be fabricated. Fiberglass reinforced plastics find applications in transportation, marine, construction, electronics, recreation, aircraft, aerospace and numerous manufacturing industries. These plastics have virtually displaced wood in the marine industry, and applications replacing metals in other areas continue to grow.The user of this book will find practical and useful information for design, engineering, plant and maintenance. Presented is the technology and applications to serve the varied interests of readers in diverse industries.
This book presents the proceeding of the 8th in this successful series of conferences organised by the Centre for Composite Materials Engineering of the University of Newcastle upon Tyne and sponsored by the Institute of Mechanical Engineers (ImechE) and The Institute of Materials (IoM). The papers presented show how FRCs are being used in a steadily increasing range of technologies and how their properties make them appropriate choices for designers and processors interested in exploiting the potential of these highly versatile materials. Composites applications now extend well beyond their established uses in aerospace, marine and land transport and, although exciting developments are still taking place in these fields, it is the rapidly expanding range of civil engineering and infrastructure applications which offers the greatest potential for novel uses. FRC's high strength, light weight and durability make them appropriate for large scale structures and, as these proceedings demonstrate, they are increasingly being specified as an advantageous alternative to more traditional materials.
This book explores the fundamental role of grain boundaries in the plasticity of crystalline materials, providing a multi-scale approach to plasticity to facilitate understanding. It starts with the atomic description of a grain boundary, moves on to the elemental interaction processes between dislocations and grain boundaries, and finally shows how the microscopic phenomena influence the macroscopic behaviors and constitutive laws. Drawing on topics from physical, chemical, and mechanical disciplines, this work also explains properties of deformation at low and high temperature, creep, fatigue, and rupture.
This book covers several aspects of the fatigue behavior of textile and short fiber reinforced composites. The first part is dedicated to 2D and 3D reinforced textile composites and includes a systematic description of the damage evolution for quasi-static and tensile-tensile fatigue loadings. Acoustic emissions and digital image correlation are considered in order to detect the damage modes’ initiation and development. The acoustic emission thresholds of the quasi-static loading are connected to the “fatigue limit” of the materials with distinctions for glass and carbon reinforcements.The second part is devoted to the fatigue behavior of injection molded short fiber reinforced composites. Experimental evidence highlights the dependence of their fatigue response on various factors: fiber and matrix materials, fiber distribution, environmental and loading conditions are described. A hybrid (experimental/simulations) multi-scale method is presented, which drastically reduces the amount of experimental data necessary for reliable fatigue life predictions.
The range of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) applications in new construction, and in the retrofitting of existing civil engineering infrastructure, is continuing to grow worldwide. Furthermore, this progress is being matched by;advancing research into all aspects of analysis and design. The Second International Conference on FRP Composites in
Mum told me that there was something in his brain that was different, she said that he liked to put his toys in lines and that was a symptom or whatever. I used to go in his room and see all his stuffed animals in a line and I'd mess them up. I'd mess the line up.Rose loves her brother Mikey. Mikey loves Rose, Bruce Willis films and the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, but he hates change. When their mum is diagnosed with leukaemia, their world is plunged into chaos. Rose returns home to find a very different brother to when she left. But today is his eighteenth birthday and Rose wants everything to be perfect, though life with Mikey isn't ever that simple.Inspired by events in the playwright's own life, Plastic Figurines is a funny and moving play that explores the relationship between siblings with very different views of the world. This edition was published for the first revival of the play at the New Diorama, London, in September 2016.
There are a large and ever-increasing number of structures and buildings worldwide that are in need of refurbishment, rehabilitation and strengthening. The retrofitting of beams and slabs for this purpose is now recognized as the most cost-effective and environmentally sustainable method of carrying out this essential renovation work. The authors of Design of FRP and Steel Plated RC Structures are both acknowledged world experts on these techniques and their book has been designed to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the established techniques and their applications as well as thorough coverage of newly emerging methodologies and their uses. The comparison of FRP and steel is a particular focus and the authors provide practical examples of where one material might be used in preference to another. Indeed practical, worked examples of how, when, and why specific solutions have been chosen in real-world situations are used throughout the text and provide the user with invaluable insights into the decision-making process and its technical background. Just as importantly these examples make the understanding and application of these techniques easier to understand for the student and the practitioner. The book is international in appeal, as while no reference is made to specific local codes the authors approach always follows that of the more advanced structural codes worldwide. As such it will remain an essential resource for many years to come. Design of FRP and Steel Plated RC Structures is an important reference for a broad range of researchers, students and practitioners including civil engineers and contractors, architects, designers and builders. Contains detailed worked examples throughout to aid understanding and provide technical insightCovers all types of metal plates and all types of FRP platesUses design philosophies that can be used with any mathematical modelProvides coverage of all main international guidelines
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