PREFACE. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 1 INTRODUCTION TO MAGNESIUM. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Characteristics of Pure Magnesium. 1.3 Applications. 1.4 Summary. References. 2 SYNTHESIS TECHNIQUES FOR MAGNESIUM-BASED MATERIALS. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Liquid Phase Processes. 2.3 Solid Phase Process. 2.4 Disintegrated Melt Deposition Method. 2.5 Mechanical Disintegration and Deposition Method. 2.6 Summary. References. 3 MAGNESIUM ALLOYS. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Casting Alloys. 3.3 Wrought Alloys. 3.4 Magnesium Elektron Series Alloys. 3.5 Magnesium Alloys for Elevated Temperature Applications. 3.6 Magnesium-Based Bulk Metallic Glasses. References 81 4 FUNDAMENTALS OF METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Materials. 4.3 Interface Between Matrix and Reinforcement. 4.4 Theoretical Prediction of Properties. 4.5 Summary. References. 5 MAGNESIUM COMPOSITES. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Materials. 5.3 Magnesium-Based Composites with Al2O3. 5.4 Magnesium-Based Composites with MgO. 5.5 Magnesium-Based Composites with SiC. 5.6 Magnesium-Based Composites with Y2O3. 5.7 Magnesium-Based Composites with ZrO2. 5.8 Magnesium-Based Composites with CNT. 5.9 Magnesium-Based Composites with Metallic Additions. 5.10 Bimetal Mg/Al Macrocomposite. 6 CORROSION ASPECTS OF MAGNESIUM-BASED MATERIALS. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Types of Corrosion. 6.3 Influence of Impurity. 6.4 Corrosion Behavior of Magnesium-Based Materials. 6.5 Ways to Reduce Corrosion. 6.6 Summary. References. 7 STRENGTH-DUCTILITY COMBINATIONS OF MAGNESIUM-BASED MATERIALS. 7.1 0.2% Yield Strength "/i> 100 MPa and Ductility Matrix. 7.2 0.2% Yield Strength 100-150 MPa and Ductility Matrix. 7.3 0.2% Yield Strength 150-200 MPa and Ductility Matrix. 7.4 0.2% Yield Strength 200-250 MPa and Ductility Matrix. 7.5 0.2% Yield Strength 250-300 MPa and Ductility Matrix. 7.6 0.2% Yield Strength 300 MPa and Ductility Matrix. APPENDIX: LIST OF SOME MAGNESIUM SUPPLIERS. ABOUT THE AUTHORS. INDEX.
Preface. Acknowledgments. 1 History of Magnesia. 1.1 History of Magnesia. 2 Formation and Occurrence of Magnesite and Brucite. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Sedimentary Magnesite-Basis for Carbonate Deposition. 2.3 Serpentine Alteration by Hydrothermal Processes. 2.4 Cryptocrystalline Magnesite Formation by Infiltration. 2.5 Crystalline Magnesite-Replacement of Limestone and Dolomite. 2.6 Brucite. 2.7 Worldwide Occurrence of Magnesite and Brucite. 2.8 Physical and Chemical Properties of Magnesite. 2.9 Chemical and Physical Properties of Brucite. 3 Synthetic Magnesia. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Composition of Seawater and Brines. 3.3 Process Description. 3.4 Calcination. 3.5 Grinding. 3.6 Packaging. 3.7 Sampling and Testing and In-Process Quality Control. 3.8 Aman Process. 3.9 General Properties of Synthetic Magnesia. 4 Mining and Processing Magnesite. 4.1 Mining Operations. 4.2 Processing Magnesite. 4.3 Gravity Concentration. 4.4 Tertiary Crushing. 4.5 Postcalcination Screening and Grinding. 5 Calcination of Magnesium Hydroxide and Carbonate. 5.1 Calcination of Magnesite. 5.2 Calcination of Magnesium Hydroxide. 6 Furnaces and Kilns. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Multiple-Hearth Furnaces. 6.3 Horizontal Rotary Kilns. 6.4 External Water Coolers. 6.5 Shaft Kilns. 7 Postcalcination Processing. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Grinding. 8 Physical and Chemical Properties of Magnesium Oxide. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Physical Properties of Magnesium Oxide. 8.3 Chemical Properties of Magnesium Oxide. 8.4 Surface Structures of MgO. 8.5 Molecular Adsorption on MgO. 9 Other Magnesia Products. 9.1 Production of Hard-Burned Magnesia. 9.2 Production of Dead-Burned Magnesia. 9.3 Fused Magnesia. 9.4 Magnesium Hydroxide Slurry. 9.5 Purification by Carbonation of Magnesium Hydroxide Slurry. 10 Water and Wastewater Applications for Magnesia Products. 10.1 Introduction to Applications. 10.2 Industrial Wastewater Treatment. 10.3 Advantages of Magnesium Hydroxide in Wastewater Treatment. 10.4 Adsorption of Dyes on Magnesium Hydroxide. 10.5 Biological Wastewater Treatment. 10.6 Bioflocculation and Solids Settling. 10.7 Phosphorus Removal from Wastewater and Struvite Formation. 10.8 Odor and Corrosion Control in Sanitary Collection Systems. 10.9 Acid Mine Drainage. 10.10 Silica Removal from Industrial Plant Water. 11 Magnesia in Polymer Applications. 11.1 Magnesium Hydroxide as a Flame Retardant for Polymer Applications. 11.2 Flame-Retardant Mechanisms. 11.3 Properties Required of Magnesium Hydroxide for Flame-Retardant Applications. 11.4 Novel Applications for Magnesium Hydroxide as a Flame Retardant. 11.5 Polymer Curing and Thickening. 12 Environmental Applications. 12.1 Flue Gas Desulfurization. 12.2 Regenerative Process. 12.3 Remediation Applications. 12.4 Nuclear Waste Disposal. 12.5 Hazardous Spill Cleanup. 12.6 Antibacterial Activity of Magnesium Oxide Powder. 12.7 Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Using Brucite. 13 Role of Magnesium in Animal, Plant, and Human Nutrition. 13.1 Role of Magnesium in Plant Nutrition. 13.2 Magnesium Fertilizers. 13.3 Magnesium in Animal Nutrition. 13.4 Magnesium in Human Health and Nutrition. 14 Magnesium Salts and Magnesium Metal. 14.1 Magnesium Acetate. 14.2 Magnesium Alkyls. 14.3 Magnesium Chloride. 14.4 Magnesium Nitrate. 14.5 Magnesium Sulfate. 14.6 Magnesium Soaps. 14.7 Magnesium Overbase Sulfonates. 14.8 Magnesium Peroxide. 14.9 Magnesium Metal Production. 15 Pulp Applications. 15.1 Sulfite Pulping. 15.2 Magnefite Pulping Process. 15.3 Pulp Bleaching. 15.4 Deinking. 16 Magnesia Cements. 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Magnesium Oxychloride Cement. 16.3 Magnesium Oxysulfate (MOS) Cement. 16.4 Thermal Insulative and Fire Resistance Properties of Sorel Cement. 16.5 Magnesium Phosphate Cement. 17 Miscellaneous Magnesia Applications. 17.1 Sugar Manufacture. 17.2 Chrome Tanning of Leather. 17.3 Magnesia as a Catalyst Support. 17.4 Fuel Additives. 17.5 Well-Drilling Fluids. 17.6 Nanoparticulate Magnesia. 17.7 Transformer Steel Coating. Appendix. Index.
The use of magnesium alloys is increasing in a range of applications, and their popularity is growing wherever lightweight materials are needed. This book provides a comprehensive account of the corrosion of magnesium alloys. It covers not only the corrosion performances and mechanisms of Mg alloys in conventional environments, such as sodium chloride solutions, but also looks at their corrosion behaviours in special media, like engine coolants and simulated body fluids.Part one covers fundamentals such as the corrosion electrochemistry, activity and passivity of magnesium and its alloys. Part two then considers the metallurgical effect in relation to the corrosion of magnesium alloys, including the role of micro-structure and earth-rare elements, the corrosion behaviour of magnesium-based bulk metallic glasses, and the corrosion of innovative magnesium alloys. Part three goes on to describe environmental influences on the corrosion of magnesium alloys, such as atmospheric corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, creep and fatigue behaviour, and galvanic corrosion. Finally, part four is concerned with various means of protecting magnesium alloys against corrosion through the use of aluminium electrodeposition, conversion and electrophoretic coatings, and anodisation.With its distinguished editor and team of contributors, this book is an invaluable resource for metallurgists, engineers and designers working with magnesium and its alloys, as well as professionals in the aerospace and automotive industries.Provides a comprehensive account of the corrosion of magnesium alloys covering fundamentals such as the corrosion electrochemistry, activity and passivityReviews the metallurgical effect in relation to the corrosion of magnesium alloys, including the role of micro-structure and earth-rare elementsAssesses environmental influences such as atmospheric corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, creep and fatigue behaviour, and galvanic corrosion
1 Introduction to Acid-Base and Electrolytes 2 Disorders of Sodium 3 Disorders of Chloride 4 Disorders of Potassium 5 Disorders of Magnesium 6 Disorders of Phosphorus 7 Disorders of Calcium 8 Traditional Acid-Base Physiology and Approach to Blood Gas 9 Metabolic Blood Gas Disorders 10 Respiratory Acid-Base Disorders 11 Mixed Acid-Base Disorders 12 Strong Ion Approach to Acid-Base 13 Companion Exotic Animal Electrolyte and Acid-Base Index 207
Preface The light metals Physical metallurgy of aluminium alloys Wrought aluminium alloys Cast aluminium alloys Magnesium alloys Titanium alloys New materials and processing methods Appendix Index.
Borate Minerals and the Origin of Borate Deposits. Borax and Sassolite Deposits. Calcium, Magnesium, or Silicate Buried Deposits. Calcium or Magnesium Surface (Playa or Mantle) Deposits. Lake or Brine Deposits. Marine Borate Occurrences Isotopic Distribution. Mining. Processing. Uses of Borates. Borate Industry Statistics. Phase Data and Physical Properties of Borates. Subject Index.
Aluminium, magnesium and titanium are alloys of special interest for engineering applications in a wide range of sectors such as aeronautics, automotive and medical. Their low density, along with sufficient mechanical properties, makes them especially adequate for sectors such as transportation allowing diminishing weight less fuel consumption and emissions to the atmosphere. Nowadays, machining is still one the most important manufacturing processes, not only for metal parts, but also for specially designed hybrid parts for more demanding new applications. A wide range of valuable research has been done on the machining of conventional engineering materials. However, when dealing with light alloys and hybrid materials containing them, they need to face new challenges. Particularly, it is important to analyse the suitability of the machining of these alloys in the current context of Industry 4.0, focusing on the development of cost-effective and sustainable processes. This book is a comprehensive source on the machining of light alloys, presenting a collection of both experimental and review studies. The work is arranged in eight chapters, presented by a group of international scholars, which analyse the main problems related to the machining of these alloys from different perspectives. Key Features A comprehensive state-of-the-art reference source on machining of light alloys Provides research on conventional and non-conventional machining process Offers current research topics on sustainable machining Presents research on the machining of hybrid materials using light alloys Includes applications for Industry 4.0 environments Machining of Light Alloys: Aluminum, Titanium, and Magnesium The aim of the book is to serve as a tool for helping researchers and practitioners to face machining challenges and facilitating the development of new industrial applications for light alloys.
Preface. Introduction. Physico-Chemical Interaction Between Magnesium and Rare-earth Metals. Decomposition of the Supersaturated Solid Solutions in Mg-RE Alloys. Peculiarities of the Plastic Deformation and Recrystallization in Mg-RE Alloys. Effect or Rare-earth Metals on Mechanical and Some Other Properties of Magnesium. Commercial Magnesium Alloys with Rare-earth Metals, Their Compositions and Properties. Conclusion. References. Subject. Index.
Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry (RiMG) volumes contain concise advances in theoretical and/or applied mineralogy, crystallography, petrology, and geochemistry.
The need for light-weight materials, especially in the automobile industry, created renewed interest in innovative applications of magnesium materials. This demand has resulted in increased research and development activity in companies and research institutes in order to achieve an improved property profile and better choice of alloy systems. Here, development trends and application potential in different fields like the automotive industry and communication technology are discussed in an interdisciplinary framework.
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