For the last four decades, Tedric Harris' Rolling Bearing Analysis has been the "bible" for engineers involved in rolling bearing technology. Why do so many students and practicing engineers rely on this book? The answer is simple: because of its complete coverage from low- to high-speed applications and full derivations of the underlying mathematics from a leader in the field. Updated, revamped, and reorganized for the new millennium, the fifth incarnation of this classic reference is the most modern, flexible, and interactive tool in the field. What makes this edition so revolutionary? For starters, the coverage is split conveniently into two books: Essential Concepts of Bearing Technology introduces the fundamentals involved in the use, design, and performance of rolling bearings for more common applications; Advanced Concepts of Bearing Technology delves into more advanced topics involving more dynamic loading, more extreme conditions, and higher-speed applications. Furthermore, each book in this edition includes a CD-ROM that contains numerical examples as well as tables of dimensional, mounting, and life-rating data obtained from ABMA/ANSI standards. Whether you are interested in the mathematics behind the empirical values or methods for estimating the effects of complex stresses on fatigue endurance, Rolling Bearing Analysis, Fifth Edition compiles the techniques and the data that you need in a single, authoritative resource.
The definitive book on the science of grease lubrication for roller and needle bearings in industrial and vehicle engineering. Grease Lubrication in Rolling Bearings provides an overview of the existing knowledge on the various aspects of grease lubrication (including lubrication systems) and the state of the art models that exist today. The book reviews the physical and chemical aspects of grease lubrication, primarily directed towards lubrication of rolling bearings. The first part of the book covers grease composition, properties and rheology, including thermal and dynamics properties. Later chapters cover the dynamics of greased bearings, including grease life, bearing life, reliability and testing. The final chapter covers lubrications systems – the systems that deliver grease to the components requiring lubrication. Grease Lubrication in Rolling Bearings: Describes the underlying physical and chemical properties of grease. Discusses the effect of load, speed, temperature, bearing geometry, bearing materials and grease type on bearing wear. Covers both bearing and grease performance, including thermo-mechanical ageing and testing methodologies. It is intended for researchers and engineers in the petro-chemical and bearing industry, industries related to this (e.g. wind turbine industry, automotive industry) and for application engineers. It will also be of interest for teaching in post-graduate courses.
The concepts in this book will provide a comprehensive overview of the current state for a broad range of nitride semiconductor devices, as well as a detailed introduction to selected materials and processing issues of general relevance for these applications. This compilation is very timely given the level of interest and the current stage of research in nitride semiconductor materials and device applications. This volume consists of chapters written by a number of leading researchers in nitride materials and device technology addressing Ohmic and Schottky contacts, AIGalnN multiple quantum well laser diodes, nitride vertical cavity emitting lasers, and ultraviolet photodetectors. This unique volume provides a comprehensive review and introduction to application and devices based on GaN and related compounds for newcomers to the field and stimulus to further advances for experienced researchers.
Series Preface. Preface. Part I: General Considerations. 1 Tribology - Friction, Wear, and Lubrication. 2 Lubricants and Lubrication. 3 Surface Texture and Interactions. 4 Bearing Materials. Part II: Fluid-Film Bearings. 5 Fundamentals of Viscous Flow. 6 Reynolds Equation and Applications. 7 Thrust Bearings. 8 Journal Bearings. 9 Squeeze-Film Bearings. 10 Hydrostatic Bearings. 11 Gas Bearings. 12 Dry and Starved Bearings. Part III: Rolling Element Bearings. 13 Selecting Bearing Type and Size. 14 Principles and Operating Limits. 15 Friction, Wear and Lubrication. Part IV: Seals and Monitoring. 16 Seal Fundamentals. 17 Condition Monitoring and Failure Analysis. Appendix A Unit Conversion Factors. Appendix B Viscosity Conversions. Index.
IN presenting the American edition of this little work to the public, we believe we are supplying a want that has long been felt by the Young Mechanics of this country, and many others who desire to become versed in the practical use of tools. We know of no other book published in this country or England, in which the method of using tools is so clearly explained; and although written more especially for boys and beginners, it contains much information that will be of great value to the practical mechanic. The author is evidently thoroughly acquainted with his subject, and understands how to communicate his ideas in a simple and concise manner. The first s1x chapters are devoted to the description of Tools for working wood and the manner of using them, beginning with the simplest operations, requiring but few tools, and gradually leading on to the more difficult, giving examples of all the methods of joining and finishing work that are in common use among good workmen, and in this connection we would like to call attention to the small number of tools the author requires for performing all these different operations, the idea among amateurs and boys generally being, that if you only have tools enough you can make anything. This is not so, and if the begin ner will follow the advice of the author, and buy a few good tools, and learn the use of them thoroughly, and gradually add to his stock as his knowledge of their use increases, he will find it greatly to his advantage.
This Series provides the necessary elements to the development and validation of numerical prediction models for hydrodynamic bearings. This book with the specific case of internal combustion engine (ICE) journal bearing lubrication. Many examples, relating to various types of ICE, are presented.
This Series provides the necessary elements to the development and validation of numerical prediction models for hydrodynamic bearings. This book describes the rheological models and the equations of lubrication. It also presents the numerical approaches used to solve the above equations by finite differences, finite volumes and finite elements methods.
Foreword - the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Preface. Introduction - the Role of Technical Students. Web Sites: Quick References. Section 1:- Important Regulations and Directives. 1.1 The pressure equipment directive: SI 2001: 1999. 1.2 The pressure systems regulations: SI 128. 1.3 Health and Safety at work. 1.4 The European machinery directive. 1.5 Inspection terms and bodies: EN 45004: 1995. 1.6 UKAS accreditation marks. Section 2:- Units. 2.1 The Greek alphabet. 2.2 Units systems. 2.3 Units and conversions. 2.4 Consistency of units. 2.5 Dimensional analysis. 2.6 Essential engineering mathematics. Section 3:- Engineering Design - Process and Principles. 3.1 Engineering problem-solving. 3.2 Problem types and methodologies. 3.3 Design principles. 3.4 The engineering design process. 3.5 Design as a systematic activity (the 'Pugh' method). 3.6 The innovation model. 3.7 Creativity tools. 3.8 The product design specification (PDS). 3.9 Useful reference sources. Section 4:- Basic Mechanical Design. 4.1 Engineering abbreviations. 4.2 Datums and tolerances - principles. 4.3 Toleranced dimensions. 4.4 General tolerances. 4.5 Holes. 4.6 Screw threads. 4.7 Surface finish. Section 5:- Motion. 5.1 Making sense of equilibrium. 5.2 Motion equations. 5.3 Newton's laws of motion. 5.4 Simple harmonic motion (SHM). 5.5 Understanding acceleration. 5.6 Dynamic balancing. 5.7 Vibration. 5.8 Machine vibration. 5.9 Machinery noise. Section 6:- Deformable Body Mechanics. 6.1 Quick reference - mechanical notation. 6.2 Engineering structures - so where are all the pin joints?. 6.3 Simple areas and strain. 6.4 Simple elastic bending. 6.5 Slope and deflection of beams. 6.6 Torsion. 6.7 Thin cylinders. 6.8 Cylindrical vessels with hemispherical ends. 6.9 Thick cylinders. 6.10 Buckling of struts. 6.11 Flat circular plates. 6.12 Stress concentration factors. Section 7:- Material Failure. 7.1 How materials fail. 7.2 LEFM method. 7.3 Multi-axis stress states. 7.4 Fatigue. 7.5 Factors of safety. 7.6 United states practice. Section 8:- Thermodynamics and Cycles. 8.1 Quick reference: symbols - thermodynamics. 8.2 Basic thermodynamic laws. 8.3 Entropy. 8.4 Enthalpy. 8.5 Other definitions. 8.6 Cycles. 8.7 The steam cycle. 8.8 Properties of steam. 8.9 Reference information. 8.10 The gas turbine (GT) cycle. Section 9:- Basic Fluid Mechanics and Aerodynamics. 9.1 Basic properties. 9.2 Flow equations. 9.3 Flow regimes. 9.4 Boundary Layers. 9.5 Isentropic flow. 9.6 Compressible one-dimensional flow. 9.7 Normal shock waves. 9.8 Axisymmetric flows. 9.9 Drag coefficients. 9.10 General airfoil theory. 9.11 Airfoil coefficients. 9.12 Pressure distributions. 9.13 Aerodynamic centre. 9.14 Centre of pressure. 9.15 Supersonic conditions. 9.16 Wing loading: semi-ellipse assumption. Section 10:- Fluid Equipment. 10.1 Turbines. 10.2 Refrigeration systems. 10.3 Diesel engines. 10.4 Heat exchangers. 10.5 Centrifugal pumps. 10.6 Impeller types. Section 11:- Pressure Vessels. 11.1 Vessel codes and standards. 11.2 Pressure vessel design features. 11.3Cylindrical pressure vessel design stresses. 11.4 Stress categories. 11.5 Analysis of stress combinations. 11.6 Vessel certification. 11.7 Flanges. Section 12:- Materials. 12.1 Observing crystals: order and disorder. 12.2 Carbon steels. 12.3 Low-alloy steels. 12.4 Alloy steels. 12.5 Cast Iron (CI). 12.6 Stainless steels. 12.7 Non-ferrous alloys. 12.8 Nickel alloys. 12.9 Zinc alloys. 12.10 Cooper alloys. 12.11 Aluminium alloys. 12.12 Titanium alloys. 12.13 Engineering plastics. 12.14 Material traceability and documentation. 12.15 Corrosion. Section 13:- Machine Elements. 13.1 Screw fasteners. 13.2 Bearings. 13.3 Ball and roller bearings. 13.4 Bearing lifetime. 13.5 Coefficient of friction. 13.6 Gear trains. 13.7 Seals. 13.8 Shaft coupling. 13.9 Cam mechanisms. 13.10 Clutches. 13.11 Pulley mechanisms. 13.12 Drive types. 13.13 Wire ropes. 13.14 Springs. 13.15 Miscellaneous. Section 14:- Quality Assurance and Quality Control. 14.1 Quality assurance: ISO 9000: 2000. 14.2 Quality system certification. 14.3 The ISO 9000: 2000 standards. 14.4 Taguchi methods. 14.5 Statistical process control (SPC). 14.6 Normal distribution. 14.7 The binomial and Poisson distributions. 14.8 Reliability. 14.9 Improving design reliability: main principles. 14.10 'Design for reliability' - a new approach. Section 15:- Project Engineering. 15.1 Project planning. 15.2 Critical path analysis (CPA). 15.3 Planning with gantt charts. 15.4 Rapid protocopying. 15.5 Value analysis. Section 16:- Welding. 16.1 Welding processes. 16.2 Weld types and orientation. 16.3 Welding symbols. 16.4 Welding defects. 16.5 Welding documentation. Section 17:- Non-Distructive Testing (NDT). 17.1 Non-distructive testing acronyms. 17.2 Visual examination. 17.3 Dye penetrant (DP) testing. 17.4 Magnetic particle (MP) testing. 17.5 Ultrasonic testing (UT). 17.6 Radiographic testing (RT). Section 18:- Surface Protection. 18.1 Painting. 18.2 Galvanizing. 18.3 Chrome planting. 18.4 Rubber linnings. Section 19:- Metallurgical Terms. Section 20:- Engineering Information Sources. 20.1 Internet sites. 20.2 The engineering council. Section 21:- Useful Catalogues and Data Sources. 21.1 Useful catalogues and data sources. 21.2 Useful electronic databases. 21.3 Additional electronic databases.
Preface. Acknowledgments. I. THEORY, CONSTRUCTION, AND OPERATION. 1. Principles of Operation of Synchronous Machines. 1.1 Introduction to Basic Notions on Electric Power. 1.2 Electrical-Mechanical Equivalence. 1.3 Alternating Current (ac). 1.4 Three-Phase Circuits. 1.5 Basic Principles of Machine Operation. 1.6 The Synchronous Machine. 1.7 Basic Operation of the Synchronous Machine. 2. Generator Design and Construction. 2.1 Stator Core. 2.2 Stator Frame. 2.3 Flux and Armature Reaction. 2.4 Electromagnetics. 2.5 End-Region Effects and Flux Shielding. 2.6 Stator Core and Frame Forces. 2.7 Stator Windings. 2.8 Stator Winding Wedges. 2.9 End-Winding Support Systems. 2.10 Stator Winding Configurations. 2.11 Stator Terminal Connections. 2.12 Rotor Forging. 2.13 Rotor Winding. 2.14 Rotor Winding Slot Wedges. 2.15 Amor isseur winding. 2.16 Retaining Rings. 2.17 Bore Copper and Terminal Connectors. 2.18 Slip-Collector Rings and Brush Gear. 2.19 Rotor Shrink Coupling. 2.20 Rotor Turning Gear. 2.21 Bearings. 2.22 Air and Hydrogen Cooling. 2.23 Rotor Fans. 2.24 Hydrogen Containment. 2.25 Hydrogen Coolers. References. 3. Generator Auxiliary Systems. 3.1 Lube-Oil System. 3.2 Hydrogen Cooling System. 3.3 Seal-Oil System. 3.4 Stator Cooling Water System. 3.5 Exciter Systems. 4. Operation and Control. 4.1 Basic Operating Parameters. 4.2 Operating Modes. 4.3 Machine Curves. 4.4 Special Operating Conditions. 4.5 Basic Operation Concepts. 4.6 System Considerations. 4.7 Grid-Induced Torsional Vibrations. 4.8 Excitation and Voltage Regulation. 4.9 Performance Curves. 4.10 Sample of Generator Operating Instructions. References. 5. Monitoring and Diagnostics. 5.1 Generator Monitoring Philosophies. 5.2 Simple Monitoring with Static High-Level Alarm Limits. 5.3 Dynamic Monitoring with Load-Varying Alarm Limits. 5.4 Artificial Intelligence Diagnostic Systems. 5.5 Monitored Parameters. References. 6. Generator Protector. 6.1 Basic Protection Philosophy. 6.2 Generator Protective Functions. 6.3 Brief Description of Protective Functions. 6.4 Specialized Protection Schemes. 6.5 Tripping and Alarming Methods. References. II. INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE, AND TESTING. 7. Inspection Practices and Methodology. 7.1 Site Preparation. 7.2 Experience and Training. 7.3 Safety procedures-Electrical Clearances. 7.4 Inspection Frequency. 7.5 Generator Accessibility. 7.6 Inspection Tools. 7.7 Inspection Forms. References. 8. Stator Inspection. 8.1 Stator Frame and Casing. 8.2 Stator Core. 8.3 Stator Windings. 8.4 Phase Connectors and Terminals. 8.5 Hydrogen Coolers. References. Additional Reading. 9. Rotor Inspection. 9.1 Rotor Cleanliness. 9.2 Retaining Rings. 9.3 Fretting/Movement at Interference Fit Surfaces of Wedges and Rings. 9.4 Centering (Balance) Rings. 9.5 Fan Rings or Hubs. 9.6 Fan Blades. 9.7 Bearings and Journals. 9.8 Balance Weights and Bolts. 9.9 End Wedges and Damper Windings. 9.10 Other Wedges. 9.11 Windings-General. 9.12 Rotor Windings-Slot Region. 9.13 End Windings and Main Leads. 9.14 Collector Rings. 9.15 Collector Ring Insulation. 9.16 Bore Copper and Radial (Vertical) Terminal Stud Connectors. 9.17 Brush-Spring Pressure and General Condition. 9.18 Brush Rigging. 9.19 Shaft Voltage Discharge (Grounding) Brushes. 9.20 Rotor Winding Main Lead Hydrogen Sealing-Inner and Outer. 9.21 Circumferential Pole Slots (Body Flex Slots). 9.22 Blocked Rotor Radial Vent Holes-Shifting of Winding and/or Insulation. 9.23 Couplings and Coupling Bolts. 9.24 Bearing Insulation. 9.25 Hydrogen Seals. 9.26 Rotor-Body Zone Rings. 9.27 Rotor Removal. References. 10. Auxiliaries Inspection. 10.1 Lube-Oil System. 10.2 Hydrogen Cooling System. 10.3 Seal-Oil System. 10.4 Stator Cooling Water System. 10.5 Exciters. 11. Generator Maintenance Testing. 11.1 Stator Core Mechanical tests. 11.2 Stator Core Electrical tests. 11.3 Stator Winding Mechanical Tests. 11.4 Water-Cooled Stator Winding Tests. 11.5 Stator winding Electrical Tests. 11.6 Rotor Mechanical Testing. 11.7 Rotor Electrical Testing. 11.8 Hydrogen Seals. 11.9 Bearings. 11.10 Thermal Sensitivity Testing and Analysis. 11.11 Heat-Run Testing. 11.12 Hydrogen Leak Detection. References. 12. Maintenance. 12.1 General Maintenance Philosophies. 12.2 Operational and Maintenance History. 12.3 Maintenance Intervals/Frequency. 12.4 Types of Maintenance. 12.5 Work Site Location. 12.6 Workforce. 12.7 Spare Parts. 12.8 Uprating. 12.9 Long-Term Storage and Mothballing. 12.10 Life Cycle Management (LCM). 12.11 Single Point Vulnerability (SPV) Analysis. References. Index.
Rotating machinery (eg pumps, motors, compressors) is normally manufactured to precise measurements but there comes a point when the costs of manufacture mean that further precision is not cost-effective and thus any slight imbalance inherent in the machine will need to be attended to after manufacture. When such machinery is in operation, often at very high speeds of thousands of revs per minute, any imbalance will set up vibration and often noise. In addition, such imbalance will cause extra wear and loss of efficiency in the machine. The answer is to balance the affected parts of the machine so that it operates smoothly and efficiently.This book is a practical account of such balancing techniques e.g how to balance a rotor, how to set up and verify performance of a balancing machine, and procedures for on-site balancing. In addition, other common causes of vibration will be covered e.g. misalignment, bad bearings and looseness.This book is the distillation of a successful course run by the author and developed over 20 years. University engineering departments do not teach balancing techniques beyond the very basic, and there is a need for educators and engineers to have a practical book available on the topic.路 A practical book which will help the reader understand the importance of balance in today's high technology world路 Outlines the history of dynamic balancing and other vibration reduction techniques路 Profusely illustrated throughout
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