1. Latin American economic development: an overview 2. The struggle for national identity: from independence to mid-century 3. The export sector and the world economy, circa 1850-1914 4. Export-led growth: the supply side 5. Export-led growth and the non-export economy 6. The First World War and its aftermath 7. Policy, performance, and structural change in the 1930s 8. War and the new international economic order 9. Inward-looking development in the postwar period 10. New trade strategies and debt-led growth 11. Debt, adjustment, and the shift to a new paradigm 12. Conclusions Appendix 1. Data sources for population and exports before 1914 Appendix 2. The ratio of exports to Gross Domestic Product, the purchasing power of exports, the net barter terms of trade and the volume of exports, circa 1850 to circa 1912 Appendix 3. Population, exports, public revenue and GDP for the main Latin American countries before 1914 Appendix 4. GDP per head in Latin America since 1900.
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1. Latin American economic development: an overview 2. The struggle for national identity: from independence to mid-century 3. The export sector and the world economy, circa 1850-1914 4. Export-led growth: the supply side 5. Export-led growth and the non-export economy 6. The First World War and its aftermath 7. Policy, performance, and structural change in the 1930s 8. War and the new international economic order 9. Inward-looking development in the postwar period 10. New trade strategies and debt-led growth 11. Debt, adjustment, and the shift to a new paradigm 12. Conclusions Appendix 1. Data sources for population and exports before 1914 Appendix 2. The ratio of exports to Gross Domestic Product, the purchasing power of exports, the net barter terms of trade and the volume of exports, circa 1850 to circa 1912 Appendix 3. Population, exports, public revenue and GDP for the main Latin American countries before 1914 Appendix 4. GDP per head in Latin America since 1900.
1. Introduction 2. The distribution of vulnerabilities: purchasing power, balance sheets, and exchange-rate policy preferences 3. Voters' direct vulnerability to adjustment. European voters in the 2008/9 global economic and financial crisis 4. Indirect vulnerability to adjustment. The determinants of employers' monetary and exchange rate policy preferences 5. Interests, elections, and policy makers' incentives to adjust 6. The politics of adjustment in the Asian financial crisis, 1997/8 7. Adjustment in Eastern Europe during the first phase of the global financial and economic crisis, 2008-10 8. Conclusions.
Power Supply Cookbook, Second Edition provides an easy-to-follow, step-by-step design framework for a wide variety of power supplies. With this book, anyone with a basic knowledge of electronics can create a very complicated power supply design in less than one day. With the common industry design approaches presented in each section, this unique book allows the reader to design linear, switching, and quasi-resonant switching power supplies in an organized fashion. Formerly complicated design topics such as magnetics, feedback loop compensation design, and EMI/RFI control are all described in simple language and design steps. This book also details easy-to-modify design examples that provide the reader with a design template useful for creating a variety of power supplies. This newly revised edition is a practical, "start-to-finish" design reference.
List of Illustrations ix Acknowledgments xi Introduction Economic Citizenship in the Twentieth Century 1 PART I. THE HIGH COST OF LIVING AND THE RISE OF POCKETBOOK POLITICS, 1900-1930 Chapter One: From the Bargain Basement to the Bargaining Table, 1900-1917 15 Chapter Two: Business without a Buyer, 1917-1930 53 PART II. PURCHASING POWER TO THE PEOPLE, 1930-1940 Chapter Three: The New Deal and the Problem of Prices, 1930-1935 95 Chapter Four: The New Deal and the Problem of Wages, 1935-1940 136 PART III. THE EVILS OF INFLATION IN WAR AND PEACE, 1940-1960 Chapter Five: The Consumer Goes to War, 1940-1946 179 Chapter Six: Pocketbook Politics in an Age of Inflation, 1946-1960 221 Epilogue: Back to Bargain Hunting 262 Notes 266 Index 327
Institutions like schools, hospitals, and universities are not well known for having quality, healthy food. In fact, institutional food often embodies many of the worst traits of our industrialized food system, with long supply chains that are rife with environmental and social problems and growing market concentration in many stages of food production and distribution. Recently, however, non-profit organizations, government agencies, university research institutes, and activists have partnered with institutions to experiment with a wide range of more ethical and sustainable models for food purchasing, also known as values-based procurement. Institutions as Conscious Food Consumers brings together in-depth case studies from several of promising models of institutional food purchasing that aim to be more sustainable, healthy, equitable, and local. With chapters written by a diverse set of authors, including leaders in the food movement and policy researchers, this book: Documents growing interest among non-profit organizations and activists in institutional food interventions through case studies and first-hand experiences; Highlights emerging evidence about how these new procurement models affect agro-food supply chains; and Examines the role of policy and regional or geographic identity in promoting food systems change. Institutions as Conscious Food Consumers makes the case that institutions can use their budgets to change the food system for the better, although significant challenges remain. It is a must read for food systems practitioners, food chain researchers, and foodservice professionals interested in values-based procurement.
Consuming with a conscience is one of the fastest growing forms of political participation worldwide. Every day we make decisions about how to spend our money and, for the socially conscious, these decisions matter. Political consumers "buy green" for the environment or they "buy pink" to combat breast cancer. They boycott Taco Bell to support migrant workers or Burger King to save the rainforest.But can we overcome the limitations of consumer identity, the conservative pull of consumer choice, co-optation by corporate marketers, and other pitfalls of consumer activism in order to marshal the possibilities of consumer power? Can we, quite literally, shop for change? Shopping for Change brings together the historical and contemporary perspectives of academics and activists to show readers what has been possible for consumer activists in the past and what might be possible for today's consumer activists.ContributorsKyle Asquith, University of Windsor; Dawson Barrett, Del Mar College; Lawrence Black, University of York; Madeline Brambilla, Northeastern University; Joshua Carreiro, Springfield Technical Community College, Springfield, MA; H. Louise Davis, Miami University; Jeffrey Demsky, San Bernardino Valley College; Tracey Deutsch, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities; Mara Einstein, Queens College, CUNY; Bart Elmore, University of Alabama; Sarah Elvins, University of Manitoba; Daniel Faber, Northeastern University; Julie Guard, University of Manitoba; Louis Hyman, ILR School, Cornell University; Meredith Katz, Virginia Commonwealth University; Randall Kaufman, Miami Dade College–Homestead Campus; Larry Kirsh, IMR Health Economics, Portland, OR; Katrina Lacher, University of Central Oklahoma; Bettina Liverant, University of Calgary; Amy Lubitow, Portland State University; Robert N. Mayer, University of Utah; Michelle McDonald, Stockton University; Wendy Wiedenhoft Murphy, John Carroll University; Mark W. Robbins, Del Mar College;Jessica Stewart, Cornell University;Joseph Tohill, York University and Ryerson University; Allison Ward, Queen's University and McMaster University; Philip Wight, Brandeis University
The heightened commodity price volatility of 2008 and the subsequent acceleration in U.S. food price inflation raised concerns and generated many questions about farm and food price movements by members of Congress and their constituents. This book responds to those concerns by addressing the nature and measurement of retail food price inflation. It measures how aggregate food price inflation is measured and compares recent price inflation for both at-home (i.e., retail) purchases and away-from-home consumption, as well as by major food groups. In addition, the major economic concepts underlying consumer food behavior are reviewed. The nature of the statistical indicators used to measure consumer food prices and expenditures are also described. Moreover, this book provides information on recent history and projections for U.S. food expenditure shares relative to total household budget, with comparisons across income quintiles, as well internationally. This book consists of public documents which have been located, gathered, combined, reformatted, and enhanced with a subject index, selectively edited and bound to provide easy access.
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