Preface. Acknowledgements. Notation and Abbreviations. Part I. 1 Introduction. 1.1 Stereo-pair Images and Depth Perception. 1.2 3D Vision Systems. 1.3 3D Vision Applications. 1.4 Contents Overview: The 3D Vision Task in Stages. 2 Brief History of Research on Vision. 2.1 Abstract. 2.2 Retrospective of Vision Research. 2.3 Closure. Part II. 3 2D and 3D Vision Formation. 3.1 Abstract. 3.2 Human Visual System. 3.3 Geometry and Acquisition of a Single Image. 3.4 Stereoscopic Acquisition Systems. 3.5 Stereo Matching Constraints. 3.6 Calibration of Cameras. 3.7 Practical Examples. 3.8 Appendix: Derivation of the Pin-hole Camera Transformation. 3.9 Closure. 4 Low-level Image Processing for Image Matching. 4.1 Abstract. 4.2 Basic Concepts. 4.3 Discrete Averaging. 4.4 Discrete Differentiation. 4.5 Edge Detection. 4.6 Structural Tensor. 4.7 Corner Detection. 4.8 Practical Examples. 4.9 Closure. 5 Scale-space Vision. 5.1 Abstract. 5.2 Basic Concepts. 5.3 Constructing a Scale-space. 5.4 Multi-resolution Pyramids. 5.5 Practical Examples. 5.6 Closure. 6 Image Matching Algorithms. 6.1 Abstract. 6.2 Basic Concepts. 6.3 Match Measures. 6.4 Computational Aspects of Matching. 6.5 Diversity of Stereo Matching Methods. 6.6 Area-based Matching. 6.7 Area-based Elastic Matching. 6.8 Feature-based Image Matching. 6.9 Gradient-based Matching. 6.10 Method of Dynamic Programming. 6.11 Graph Cut Approach. 6.12 Optical Flow. 6.13 Practical Examples. 6.14 Closure. 7 Space Reconstruction and Multiview Integration. 7.1 Abstract. 7.2 General 3D Reconstruction. 7.3 Multiview Integration. 7.4 Closure. 8 Case Examples. 8.1 Abstract. 8.2 3D System for Vision-Impaired Persons. 8.3 Face and Body Modelling. 8.4 Clinical and Veterinary Applications. 8.5 Movie Restoration. 8.6 Closure. Part III. 9 Basics of the Projective Geometry. 9.1 Abstract. 9.2 Homogeneous Coordinates. 9.3 Point, Line and the Rule of Duality. 9.4 Point and Line at Infinity. 9.5 Basics on Conics. 9.6 Group of Projective Transformations. 9.7 Projective Invariants. 9.8 Closure. 10 Basics of Tensor Calculus for Image Processing. 10.1 Abstract. 10.2 Basic Concepts. 10.3 Change of a Base. 10.4 Laws of Tensor Transformations. 10.5 The Metric Tensor. 10.6 Simple Tensor Algebra. 10.7 Closure. 11 Distortions and Noise in Images. 11.1 Abstract. 11.2 Types and Models of Noise. 11.3 Generating Noisy Test Images. 11.4 Generating Random Numbers with Normal Distributions. 11.5 Closure. 12 Image Warping Procedures. 12.1 Abstract. 12.2 Architecture of the Warping System. 12.3 Coordinate Transformation Module. 12.4 Interpolation of Pixel Values. 12.5 The Warp Engine. 12.6 Software Model of the Warping Schemes. 12.7 Warp Examples. 12.8 Finding the Linear Transformation from Point Correspondences. 12.9 Closure. 13 Programming Techniques for Image Processing and Computer Vision. 13.1 Abstract. 13.2 Useful Techniques and Methodology. 13.3 Design Patterns. 13.4 Object Lifetime and Memory Management. 13.5 Image Processing Platforms. 13.6 Closure. 14 Image Processing Library. References. Index.
This collection of essays examines the ways in which disputes and controversies about the application of scientific knowledge are resolved. Four concrete examples of public controversy are considered in detail: the efficacy of Laetrile, the classification of homosexuality as a disease, the setting of safety standards in the workplace, and the utility of nuclear energy as a source of power. The essays in this volume show that debates about these cases are not confined to matters of empirical fact. Rather, as is seen with most scientific and technical controversies, they focus on and are structured by complex ethical, economic, and political interests. Drs. Engelhardt and Caplan have brought together a distinguished group of scholars from the sciences and humanities, who sketch a theory of scientific controversy and attempt to provide recommendations about the ways in which both scientists and the public ought to seek more informed resolutions of highly contentious issues in science and technology. Scientific Controversies is offered as a contribution to the better understanding of the roles of both science and nonscientific interests in disputes and controversies pertaining to science and technology.
Foreword. Preface. 1 Introduction. 1.1 De.nition and History of Tribology. 1.2 Industrial Signi.cance of Tribology. 1.3 Origins and Signi.cance of Micro/Nanotribology. 1.4 Organization of the Book. References. 2 Solid Surface Characterization. 2.1 The Nature of Surfaces. 2.2 Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Surface Layers. 2.3 Analysis of Surface Roughness. 2.4 Measurement of Surface Roughness. 2.5 Closure. References. Suggested Reading. 3 Contact between Solid Surfaces. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Analysis of the Contacts. 3.3 Measurement of the Real Area of Contact. 3.4 Closure. References. Suggested Reading. 4 Adhesion. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Solid-Solid Contact. 4.3 Liquid-Mediated Contact. 4.4 Closure. References. Suggested Reading. 5 Friction. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Solid-Solid Contact. 5.3 Liquid-Mediated Contact. 5.4 Friction of Materials. 5.5 Closure. References. Suggested Reading. 6 Interface Temperature of Sliding Surfaces. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Thermal Analysis. 6.3 Interface Temperature Measurements. 6.4 Closure. References. 7 Wear. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Types of Wear Mechanisms. 7.3 Types of Particles Present in Wear Debris. 7.4 Wear of Materials. 7.5 Closure. References. Suggested Reading. 8 Fluid Film Lubrication. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Regimes of Fluid Film Lubrication. 8.3 Viscous Flow and Reynolds Equation. 8.4 Hydrostatic Lubrication. 8.5 Hydrodynamic Lubrication. 8.6 Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication. 8.7 Closure. References. Suggested Reading. 9 Boundary Lubrication and Lubricants. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Boundary Lubrication. 9.3 Liquid Lubricants. 9.4 Greases. 9.5 Closure. References. Suggested Reading. 10 Micro/Nanotribology. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 SFA Studies. 10.3 AFM/FFM. 10.4 Atomic-Scale Simulations. 10.5 Closure. References. Suggested Reading. 11 Friction and Wear Screening Test Methods. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Design Methodology. 11.3 Typical Test Geometries. 11.4 Closure. References. Suggested Reading. 12Tribological Components and Applications. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Common Tribological Components. 12.3 Microcomponents. 12.4 Material Processing. 12.5 Industrial Applications. 12.6 Closure. References. Suggested Reading. Problems. Appendix Units, Conversions, and Useful Relations. A.1 Fundamental Constants. A.2 Conversion of Units. A.3 Useful Relations. Index.
This volume is a collection of surveys of research problems in topology and its applications. The topics covered include general topology, set-theoretic topology, continuum theory, topological algebra, dynamical systems, computational topology and functional analysis.* New surveys of research problems in topology* New perspectives on classic problems* Representative surveys of research groups from all around the world
1. Tracking: at home on the range Appendix A: Knowledge without justification 2. Tracking with closure 3. Tracking: more and better 4. Tracking over the rivals Appendix B: Sensitivity and safety 5. What is evidence? Discrimination, indication, and leverage Appendix C: The likelihood ratio, high P(e), and high P(h/e) 6. Real anti-realism: the evidential approach
This study highlights the contributions of the great philosopher-talmudist Moses Maimonides to the rationalist, “plain sense” (peshat) tradition of Jewish Bible exegesis, assessing his place in the Geonic-Andalusian school and showing how he harnessed Greco-Arabic learning to open new hermeneutical possibilities.
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