Introduction 1 EXPRESSION IN SPEECH 1. Natural Speech 2. Speech Synthesis 3. Expression in Natural Speech 4. Expression in Synthetic Speech 5. The Perception of Expression 2 TRANSFERRING NATURAL EXPRESSION TO SYNTHESIS 6. The State of the Art 7. Emotion in Speech Synthesis 8. Recent Developments in Synthesis Models 3 EXPRESSION AND EMOTION: THE RESEARCH 9. The Biology and Psychology Perspectives 10. The Linguistics, Phonology, and Phonetics Perspective 11. The Speech Technology Perspective 12. The Influence of Emotion Studies 4 DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTEGRATED MODEL OF EXPRESSION 13. The Beginnings of a Generalized Model of Expression 14. All Speech is Expression Based 15. Expressive Synthesis - The Longer Term 16. An Expression and Prosody Based Model of Speech Production Conclusion References