I INTRODUCTION 1. The Problem 2. Previous Research and Its Evaluation 2.1. The Legacy of Julicher and Gressmann 2.2. The Key Issues in More Recent Research A Story Composed of Two Parts? An Original Teaching of Jesus? A Derivative of a Demotic Folktale? 3. The Purpose of This Study II DIVIDING THE DEAD: THE HELLENISTIC MATRIX 4. Preliminary Remarks: From Fixed Parallels to Intertextuality 5. Differentiated Fates in Greco-Roman Sources 5.1. Death in the Homeric Epics 5.2. Towards an Individual Treatment of the Dead Rewards and Punishments after Death The Question of "Orphic Influence" 5.3. Concepts of Afterlife in Hellenistic and Roman Times Philosophical Treatments of the Fate of the Soul The Immortal Soul in Cicero, Pseudo-Plato, and Plutarch 6. Differentiated Fates: Only an Elite View? 6.1. The Ambiguity of the Epigraphic Sources 6.2. Popular Views Reflected in Literary Sources 7. Differentiated Fates in Jewish Sources 7.1. The Fate of the Dead in the Hebrew Bible 7.2. Apocalyptic Eschatology and Individual Afterlife 1 Enoch 22 Other Apocalypses Other Accounts of Differentiated Fates 7.3. Divergent Beliefs within First Century Judaism 8. Summary of Part Two III LUKE'S DESCRIPTION OF THE HEREAFTER IN CONTEXT 9. Preliminary Remarks: The Function of the Afterlife Scene 10. The Structural Themes of the Story 10.1. Reversal of Fates after Death Lucian: Death as the Great Equalizer Epistle of Enoch: Struggle between the Righteous and Sinners The Finality of the Reversal 10.2. Message from the World of the Dead 11. Details of the Description 11.1. Angels Escorting the Dead 11.2. Abraham in the Hereafter 11.3. Torment of the Rich Man, Consolation of Lazarus 11.4. The Separating Chasm 11.5. Bodily Existence 12. Summary of Part Three IV AFTERLIFE IMAGERY IN LUKE-ACTS 13. Preliminary Remarks: A Consistent Eschatological Scheme? 14. The Rich Man and Lazarus and Luke's Eschatology 14.1. Jesus' Role in the Eschatological Salvation 14.2. Eschatology - Future or Present, Collective or Individual Resurrection - When and for Whom? 15. The Fate of the Individual after Death 15.1. Hades - Interim Abode or Final Destiny? Hades and Gehenna 15.2. The Good Lot of the Righteous Paradise Eternal Habitations Kingdom of God, Eternal Life, Heaven 16. Summary of Part Four V CONCLUSIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY A. Texts, Translations, and Reference Works B. Secondary Literature
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