----- 吞咽困难:吞咽障碍的评估和治疗进展
This publication reviews the variations in the normal physiology of swallowing and presents information about the available instrumental assessments including radiographic studies in adults and children, videoendoscopic evaluation as well as ultrasound assessment. It also presents treatment procedures including behavioral strategies and surgical interventions and examines educational issues in the area of dysphagia and the responsibilities of graduate education programs and continuing education in this area. The issues involved in multidisciplinary management are defined. Overall this issue should provoke a discussion among phoniatrists, speech-language pathologists, otolaryngologists, gastroenterologists, and others interested in the assessment and treatment of patients with oropharyngeal swallowing disorders. It should also stimulate research on these issues of dysphagia that are as yet unresolved or controversial.
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