The main focus of this collection of peer-reviewed articles is biohydrometallurgy. This is the field of microbial ecology which is the key to answering central questions concerning not only the diversity and behavior of micro-organisms in commercial operations, but also possible applications in biohydrometallurgy of extremophiles coming from very different environments. The 134 papers are grouped as follows: Chapter 1: Microbial Ecology, Geomicrobiology and Bioprospecting in Natural and Mining Environments; Chapter 2: Omics, Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry of Microorganisms in Mining Processes; Chapter 3: Industrial Biohydrometallurgy: Studies, Practices and Operation; Chapter 4: Biohydrometallurgy as a Remediation Strategy.
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