In this special issue, we have several papers that are addressing the current status of the fundamental issues related to synthesis and the diverse applications of semiconducting nanowires and nanotubes. The papers related to nanocrystalline polymer materials presented in chapter IV discusses the different aspects associated with the synthesis and properties of polymer materials and provides good scope for researchers to carry out further research on polymer materials. Demonstration about the usage of specific nanocrystalline materials for efficient drug delivery and antimicrobial activities are being discussed in chapter V under the title nanostructured materials for biological applications and will be an impetus for carrying out research in this area. Finally, in the chapter VI papers related to sensors and devices using nanostructured materials give an overview about the fabrication of devices like, field effect transistors, gas sensors and solar cells using nanomaterials.
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