Fundamentals of Medical Ultrasonics

ISBN: 9781138077232 出版年：2011 页码：243 Postema, Michiel CRC Press

Introduction Definition of Sound A Brief History of Cavitation and Ultrasound Outline and Acknowledgements Stress, Strain and Elasticity The Uniform State of Stress Stress on an Inclined Plane Transformation of Stress for Rotation of Axes Principle Stress Stationary Values of Sheet Stress Octahedral Stresses Hydrostatic (Dilational) and Deviatoric Stress Tensors Strains and Displacements General Hooke's Law Equilibrium Equations for Three Dimensions Strain Compatibility Equations Plane Strain Plane Stress Polar Coordinates Stress Functions Stress Functions in Polar Coordinates Vibrations Mass on a Spring Free Vibrations Damped Free Vibrations Forced Vibrations Undamped Forced Vibrations Damped Forced Vibrations Nonlinear Springs Waves and Sound Wave Equation Speed of Sound in Air Solutions of the 1-Dimensional Wave Equation Sound Energy Point and Line Sources Doppler Effect Root-Mean-Square Pressure Superposition of Waves Beats Complex Representation of a Plane, Harmonic Wave Standing Wave Fourier Transform Decibel Scale Vectorial Notation for the Wave Equation Plane Waves in Isotropic Media Waves in Fluids Mechanisms of Attenuation Reflection and Transmission Scattering Nonlinear Propagation Transducers The Piezo-Effect Piezo Electric Materials Transducer Bandwidth Transducer Construction Radiated Fields Continuous Wave Excitation Transient Excitation Focussing Transducer Arrays Medical Imaging Standard Ultrasonic Imaging Modes Doppler Methods Special Techniques Artefacts Biological Effects of Ultrasound and Safety Regulations Bubble Physics Hollow Sphere Cavitation Threshold Fundamental Equation of Bubble Dynamics Pressure Radiated by a Bubble Viscous Fluids Oscillations Disruption Diffusion Radiation Forces Coalescence Jetting CEUS and Sonoporation Commercial Ultrasound Contrast Agents CEUS Some Non-Cardiac Imaging Applications Molecular Imaging Increased Drug Uptake Causes of Sonoporation Drug Carriers Gene Delivery Therapeutic News Anitbubbles Cell Death High-Intensity Focussed Ultrasound Concluding Remarks