Steam Generators and Waste Heat Boilers

ISBN: 9781482247121 出版年：2014 页码：530 Ganapathy, V CRC Press

Combustion Calculations Introduction Moisture in Air Combustion Calculations Estimation of Heating Values Burner Selection Combustion Temperatures Simplified Procedure for Estimating Combustion Temperatures Gas Turbine Exhaust Combustion Calculations Boiler Efficiency Firing Fuels with Low Heating Values Firing of Multiple Fuels Emission Conversion Calculations: Steam Generators Converting ppmvd of NOx to mg/Nm3 Converting Turbine Exhaust Emissions Low-Temperature Corrosion in Boilers Condensation of Acid Vapors in Low-Temperature Heat Sinks References Steam Generator Furnace Design Advantages of Water-Cooled Furnaces Heat Release Rates Furnace Exit Gas Temperature Evaluation Empirical Formula for Furnace Duty Estimation Furnace Duty with Combination Firing Distribution of Heat Flux around Tubes and Fins Distribution of Radiation to Tube Banks Relating Heat Flux from Furnace to inside Tubes External Radiation to Heat Transfer Surfaces at Furnace Exit Terms Frequently Used in Furnace Performance Estimating Boiling Heat Transfer Coefficient Estimating Fin Tip Temperature Boiling Process Boiler Circulation Thom's Method for Estimating Losses Circulation Calculations Flow Stratification in Horizontal Tubes Correlations for CHF (Critical Heat Flux) and Allowable Steam Quality Circulation Problems Guidelines for Good Circulation System Design References Steam Generators Introduction Large Package Boilers Water-Cooled Furnaces Major Changes in Boiler Design Absence of Air Heater Emissions Affect Steam Generator Designs Custom-Designed Boilers Novel Ideas Boiler Classification Improving Boiler Efficiency Steam Generators for Oil Sands Application Superheaters Steam Generators with Import and Export Steam Flow in Parallel Paths Steam Inlet and Exit Nozzle Location Off-Design Performance of Superheater Case Study of a Superheater with Tube Failure Problems Steam Generator Design and Performance Performance without Economizer Tube Wall Temperature Estimation at Economizer Inlet Methods to Minimize Low-Temperature Corrosion Problems Precautions to Minimize Corrosion in Operation Water Chemistry, Carryover, Steam Purity Fire Tube Boilers References Waste Heat Boilers Introduction Water Tube Waste Heat Boilers: Sizing and Performance Kalina Cycle Fluid Heaters and Film Temperature Design of Fire Tube Boilers Air Heaters Heat Pipes Design of Tubular Air Heaters Waste Heat Boiler Data (Thermal Design) References HRSG Simulation Introduction What Is HRSG Simulation? Applications of HRSG Simulation Understanding Pinch and Approach Points Estimating Steam Generation and Gas-Steam Temperature Profiles Why Cannot We Arbitrarily Select the Pinch and Approach Points? Why Should Pinch and Approach Points Be Selected in Unfired Mode? Simulation of HRSG Evaporator Supplementary Firing Off-Design Performance Evaluation How Accurate Is Simulation? Steaming in Economizer Field Data Evaluation Single- or Multiple-Pressure HRSG Split Superheater Design Fresh Air Firing Efficiency of HRSG Cogeneration Plant Application Optimizing HRSG Arrangement Application of Simulation to Understand the Effect of Ambient Conditions Applying Margins on Exhaust Gas Flow and Temperature Conclusion References Miscellaneous Boiler Calculations Condensing Economizers Wall Temperature of Uninsulated Duct, Stack Insulation Calculations Drum Coil Heater: Bath Heater Sizing Checking Heat Transfer Equipment for Noise and Vibration Problems Steam Drum Calculations Estimating Flow in Blowdown Lines Theory Flow Instability in Two-Phase Circuits Transient Calculations Fan Calculations References Appendices Conversion Factors Glossary Nomenclature Index