Variability in Human Performance

ISBN: 9781138076020 出版年：2014 页码：384 Smith, Thomas J Henning, Robert A Wade, Michael G CRC Press

Introduction Overview Definitions Purpose and Scope Key Principles of HF/E Science Key Issues Bearing on the Properties and Purpose of Performance Variability Individual Differences Performance Prediction A Control Systems Perspective on Performance Variability Historical Perspective Control Systems Concepts Behavioral Cybernetics of Adaptive Systems Behavior Behavioral Cybernetics of Cognition Summary. Variability in Human Motor and Sport Performance Introduction The Role of Variability in Behavioral Control Methods for Analyzing Performance Variability Linear Methods Nonlinear Methods Time Series Analysis Fourier Transform Analysis. Theoretical Perspectives on Variability and Sport Skill Learning Schema Theory Dynamical Systems Theory Variability in Learning and Performing Skills Variability between Expert and Novice Performers Variability in Rehabilitation Settings Summary. Variability in Cognitive and Psychomotor Performance Overview Historical Perspective Variability in Cognitive Performance Early Transfer of Training Example Differential Learning Research: Early Studies Differential Learning Research: Analytical Innovations Critical Analyses of Ackerman Summary Variability in Psychomotor Performance Transfer of Training among Different Balance Tests Fitts' Law: Context Specificity in Movement Time Performance. Hick-Hyman Law: Context Specificity in Choice Reaction Time Performance. The Law of Practice: Context Specificity in Learning. Summary Qualitative Observations about Task Performance Variability Language Situation Awareness. Context Specific Observations of Gladwell Summary Conclusions. Educational Ergonomics: Context Specificity in Student Learning Overview Introduction The Nature of Student Learning from the Perspective of Educational Psychology The Nature of Student Learning from the Perspective of HF/E Origins and Scope of Learning Ergonomics The Influence of HF/E Design Factors on Student Performance and Learning. Impact of Classroom and School Building Design Factors on Student Performance and Learning. Impact of Educational System Design Factors on Student Performance and Learning Impact of Learning Strategy Design Factors on Student Performance and Learning. Impact of Student Character and Emotional Status on Student Performance and Learning. Impact of Student Health on Student Performance and Learning Impact of Community System Design Factors on Student Performance and Learning Limitations Influence of Nondesign-Related Factors on Student Learning Analysis Offers Nothing New Some Design Factors Not Considered Conclusions Variability in Human Performance Under Displaced Sensory Feedback Overview Historical Perspective Early History of Spatially Displaced Visual Feedback Research Early History of Delayed Feedback Research Summary. Behavioral Control Systems Analysis of Displaced Visual Feedback Effects Examples of Spatially Displaced Visual Feedback Example of Delayed Visual Feedback Compilation of Performance Effects of Spatially Displaced and Delayed Sensory Feedback Interpretation Displaced Sensory Feedback Effects on Teleoperation Human Factors Issues with Workstation Telepresence Performance Variability during Teleoperation Conclusions Human Error and Performance Variability Introduction Historical Perspective Context Specificity in Human Error Management Responsibility for Human Error Human Error as an Inherent Attribute of Human Performance Variability A Control Systems Perspective on Error Performance There are Evident Limitations to the Term "Human Error" as a Meaningful Scientific and Operational Concept Principles of Hazard Management Definitions, Scope, and Historical Perspective Rationale and Background Behavioral Cybernetic Model of Hazard Management Key Principles of Hazard Management Conclusions Variability in Affective Performance Introduction Historical Perspective Personality and Performance Variability Emotion and Performance Variability Conclusions Social Cybernetics of Team Performance Variability Introduction Cybernetic Fundamentals of Feedback and Feedforward Control Longstanding Scientific Reservations about Cybernetic Psychology Social Cybernetics and Teamwork Modes of Social Tracking Feedback Perturbation of Social Tracking Social Cybernetic Studies of Social Interaction and Teamwork Through . Design Factors and Variability in Social Tracking. Sensory Feedback Modality and Social Tracking Skill Learning of Social Tracking Skills Physiological Feedback Effects in Social Tracking Effects of Sensory Feedback Perturbations on Social Tracking Social Tracking in Group Interaction Social Cybernetic Basis of Cognitive Behavior and Communication Social Cybernetic Research Since Feedback Control Compliance During Parallel-Linked Social Tracking Delayed Feedback in Serial-Linked and Mutual Social Tracking Augmented Team Cognition. Social Cybernetics in Participatory Ergonomics Programs. Design Imperatives for Homeokinesis at the Team Level Assessment of Homeokinesis at the Team Level. Conclusions Variability in Human Work Performance: Interaction with Complex Sociotechnical Systems Introduction Historical Perspective The Nature and Significance of Work Introduction: Human Control of the Behavioral Environment through Work Theories of Work General Laws and Customs of Work The Future of Work Work Performance Variability and Interaction with Complex Sociotechnical Systems. Work Performance Variability and the Design and Management of Organizational Systems Macroergonomic Perspectives on Organizational Performance Variability Synergism of Ergonomics with Safety, Quality, and Productivity of Organizational and Work Performance Operational Synergism between Safety and Quality A Control Systems Perspective on Organizational Design and Management: Role of Ergonomics. Conclusions Work Performance Variability and Performance Variability of Economies and Nation States A Control Systems Perspective on Variability in Economic Performance Work Performance Variability and Variability in Economic Performance Work Performance Variability and Variability in Nation-State Performance A Control Systems Perspective on Variability in Nation-State Performance Conclusions Variability in Fracture- Critical Systems. Introduction. Fracture-Critical System Failures Why Fracture-Critical Failures Happen Jeopardizing the Future. The Futility of Massive Scale The Perversity of Unintended Consequences. Creating a More Resilient Future for Ourselves Human Performance Variability: An Evolutionary Perspective. Introduction. Mechanisms of Evolution Nature Versus Nurture Heritability of Intelligence. Epigenetics. Implications for Context Specificity Phylogenetic Origins of Human Performance Variability Human Self-Selection through Work. Landmarks in the Evolution of Human Work Conclusions Summary and Conclusions Summary Conclusions: The Purpose of Human Performance Variability References Index