Mathematicians of the World, Unite! —— The International Congress of Mathematicians--A Human Endeavor

----- 国际数学家大会历史

ISBN: 9781568813301 出版年：2009 页码：336 Curbera, Guillermo CRC Press

The 25 congresses, from Zurich in 1897 to Madrid in 2006, are divided into five periods, according to historical events. Early Times (covering the congresses from Zurich (1897) to Cambridge (1912)) describes how the ICMs progressed and consolidated during that period. Crisis in the Interwar Period (congresses from Strasbourg (1920) to Oslo (1936)) shows how the ICMs struggled after World War I when nonscientific influences were very strong. The Golden Era (Cambridge, MA (1950) to Stockholm (1962)) was a period of great success for the ICMs. It was marked by the re-foundation of the International Mathematical Union (IMU), and a new era of international cooperation was built after World War II. On the Road (congresses from Moscow (1966) to Berkeley (1986)) was a period of increased attendance, with more than 4000 participants attending the Moscow congress. The last period, In a Global World (congresses from Kyoto (1990) to Madrid (2006)), saw developments such as the congress being held in the East for the first time, women as plenary speakers (apart from Emmy Noether in 1932), and the introduction of the Gauss Prize for work in the application of mathematics (the first being awarded to Kiyoshi Ito in Madrid in 2006).