Scientists Must Speak

ISBN: 9781439826034 出版年：2016 页码：154 Walters, D Eric Walters, Gale C CRC Press

Part I: Preparation Target your talk Introduction Who is your audience? What brings them together? Ask questions about the audience in advance How technical is this audience? What does the audience want from this presentation? What do you want to accomplish? Learn from the experts How can you meet your listeners' needs and accomplish your goals? A brief, dynamic introduction to your presentation Your regard for the audience Your obvious enthusiasm for the topic Emphasis on significant conclusions Words that reach every person in the audience Minimize details about techniques and methods A succinct, clear summary and reiteration of the take-home message Allow 5 to 10 minutes for questions Summary Exercises Organize your presentation Introduction Five formulas for structuring the presentation Introduction-body-conclusion formula... or tell, tell, tell The introduction The body The conclusion Transitions Four other formulas for organizing your presentation Question and answer AIDA Borden's ho-hum method The motivated sequence Collecting, arranging, and focusing your ideas Outlining Mind mapping Start at the end and work backward Storyboards Revising and refining your talk Flow Zing Timing Summary Some key messages from this chapter Exercises Visual aids Introduction What should and should not be in a visual aid Types of visual aids Advantages and disadvantages of different kinds of visual aids Projection technologies Write as you go Models or products Handouts Designing and preparing visual aids Presentation software makes it easy-too easy? Layout Using text on your visual aids Graphs and drawings Special effects Using visual aids Summary Some key messages from this chapter Exercise Practice, practice, practice Introduction Let the words flow Watch your timing What about notes? Get feedback Integrate your visual aids Get comfortable with your setting And now for something really scary... Summary Some key messages from this chapter Exercises Speaker evaluation guidelines and checklist Part II: Delivery Take control of the situation Introduction Before you start talking Check the room setup Talk to the people who arrive early Take a few moments for mental preparation and relaxation Have your opening sentences firmly in mind As you begin talking Have we been introduced? What should they expect from you? What do you expect from them? Throughout your presentation Attitude Make eye contact Watch the time Give a strong ending and then stop talking Summary Some key messages from this chapter Exercise Voice and language Introduction Voice Volume Pacing Vocal variety Language Choice of words Pronunciation Back to Babel Language issues-you are not speaking your native language Language issues-members of your audience are not native speakers of your language Summary Some key messages from this chapter Exercises Body language and gestures Introduction First impressions The importance of nonverbal communication Facial expression Posture What to do with hands and arms More ways to be interesting to watch! Summary Some key messages from this chapter Exercise Handling question-and-answer sessions Introduction Tell everyone what the rules are How to handle questions How to handle hostile questions and questioners Think about your audience Summary Some key messages from this chapter Exercise Part III: Special situations When the unexpected happens Introduction Extemporaneous speaking When the extemporaneous situation strikes Can you practice for an extemporaneous talk? The job interview as an extemporaneous situation When crisis strikes Stay calm Plan ahead Deal with the situation as directly as possible Summary Some key messages from this chapter Exercise Adapting material from one situation to another Introduction What has changed? Adapting written material to an oral presentation Adapting a talk from one audience to another Adapting a long presentation to a shorter one Summary Some key messages from this chapter Exercises Adapting material: a checklist Organizing a program with several speakers Introduction Coordinating the messages Choosing the speakers How many? Symposium program Technical sales program Departmental seminar program Organization Chairing a program In preparation How to introduce a speaker Running the show After the show is over Summary Some key messages from this chapter Exercise Concluding remarks The speaker's bookshelf Index