Introduction. Background and Approach. Chronic Acidification. Extent and Magnitude of Surface Water Acidification. Chemical Dose-Response Relationships and Critical Loads. Episodic Acidification. Nitrogen Dynamics. Experimental Manipulation Studies. Predictive Capabilities. Case Study: Adirondack Park, New York. Case Study: Class 1 Areas in the Mountainous West. Conclusions and Future Research Needs. References.
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