Electric Relays —— Principles and Applications

----- 电子继电器：原理与应用

ISBN: 9780849341885 出版年：2018 页码：698 Gurevich, Vladimir CRC Press

HISTORY Relays and Horses From Oersted to Henry Art Professor Samuel Morse Edison's Relay The First Industrial Relays MAGNETIC SYSTEMS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC NEUTRAL RELAYS Basic Components of Electromagnetic Relays Hysteresis and Coercitive Force Types of Magnetic Systems Differences Between AC and DC Relays Some Auxiliary Elements for Improving the Relay Operation What Happens When a Relay is Energized Windings of Relays: Types and Design Features CONTACT SYSTEMS Designs of Basic Types of Contacts Silver, Gold, Platinum Contacts with Two-Stage Commutation What is the Purpose of "Contact Pressure?" Self-Cleaning Contacts Self-Adjusting Contacts When Power Does Not Equal Multiplication by Current and Voltage Split Make-Before-Break. High-Frequency Contacts Compensation for Shocks and Electro-Dynamic Forces in Contacts Sparking Contacts and Their Control High-Power Contact Systems Mercury Displacement Relays EXTERNAL DESIGN OF RELAYS Environmental Impact on Relays Wood and Cardboard: First Protection Shield for Relays Is a Sealed Relay Always Better Than Open One? Outlets, Terminal Sockets and "Containers" for Relays Indicators of Operation and Test Buttons Relays Which Do Not Look Like Relays at All REED SWITCHES AND REED SWITCH RELAYS Who invented the "Reed Switch"? Coruscation of Ideas and Constructions High Power Reed Switches Membrane Reed Switches Mercury Reed Switches High-Voltage Reed Switches Reed Switches with Liquid Filling Polarized and Memory Reed Switches Reed Switch Relays Mercury Reed Switch Relays Winding-Free Relays HIGH-VOLTAGE RELAYS What is a "High-Voltage Relay?" Open Relays for High-Voltage Switching Vacuum and Gas-Filled High-Voltage Low Power Relays High Power Vacuum Relays and Contactors High-Voltage Reed Relays High-Voltage Interface Relays ELECTRONIC RELAYS Was it Thomas A. Edison Who Invented a Vacuum Light Lamp? Lee De Forest Radio Valve: From its First Appearance Until Today How a Vacuum Tube Works? Relays with Vacuum Valves Gas-Tubes with Relay Characteristics Power Mercury Valves Electron-Beam Switching Tubes Semiconductor Relays Optoelectronic Relays Super-Power Electronic Relays Hybrid Relays TIME RELAYS Electromagnetic Time-Delay Relays Capacitor Time-Delay Relays Relays with Clockwork Pneumatic and Hydraulic Time-Delay Relays Electronic Time-Delay Relays Attachments to Standard Electromagnetic Relays Microprocessor Based Time-Delay Relays Accelerated (Forced) Relays THERMAL RELAYS Relays Based on a Bimetallic Thermal Element Protective Thermal Relays Automatic Circuit Breakers with Thermal Elements Dilatometer Relays Manometric Thermal Relays Mercury Thermal Relays Thermal Relays with Reed Switches Semiconductor Thermal Elements and Thermal Relays PROTECTIVE CURRENT AND VOLTAGE RELAYS What are "Protective Relays" Current and Voltage Transformers Instantaneous Current and Voltage Relays Current Relays with an Independent "Time-Delays' Current Relays with Dependent Time-Delay Harmonic and Voltage Restraint Relays Pulse Current Relays POWER AND POWER-DIRECTIONAL RELAYS Induction-Type Relays Characteristics of Power Direction Relays Electro-Dynamic-Type Relays Electronic Analogs of Power Direction Relays DIFFERENTIAL RELAYS Principles of Differential Protection High-Impedance Differential Relays Biased Differential Relays Electromagnetic Percentage Differential Relays Induction-Type Differential Relays Harmonic Restraint Differential Relays Pilot-Wire Differential Relays DISTANCE RELAYS Principles and Basic Characteristics of Distance Protection System Swing Principles of Distance Relays Construction Why do Distance Relays Need "Memory?" Distance Relays with Higher Performance Electronic Analogs of Impedance Relays FREQUENCY RELAY Why is it Necessary to Control Frequency in Electric Networks? Charles Steinmetz: Inventor of the Frequency Relay Induction Frequency Relays Resonance Relays Electronic Frequency Relays MICROPROCESSOR-BASED RELAYS: PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES Is It a Relay at All? Advantages of Microprocessor-Based "Relays' Disadvantages of Microprocessor-Based "Relays" Summing Up SPECIAL RELAYS Polarized Relays Latching Relays Sequence Relays Rotary Relays Moving-Coil Relays Amplifier-Driven Relays Magneto-Hydro-Dynamic Relays Annunciator Target Relays Flashing-Light Relays Buchholz Relays Safety Relays Ground Fault Relays Supervision Relays Hydraulic-Magnetic Circuit Breakers BASIC RELAY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS: GLOSSARY REFERENCES