Electromagnetic Compatibility in Medical Equipment —— A Guide for Designers and Installers

----- 医疗设备的电磁兼容性

ISBN: 9780935184808 出版年：2018 页码：303 Kimmel, William D Gerke, Daryl CRC Press

INTRODUCTION What are the Threats? Sources, Paths, and Receptors Summary EMI STANDARDS FOR MEDICAL DEVICES Emissions vs Immunity The EU and the U.S. The EU U.S. Requirements Summary THE PHYSICS OF EMI Source-Path-Receptor The Nature of Interference Interference is a Current FAT-ID Summary COMPONENTS AND CIRCUITS Passive Components Transient Devices Active Components EMI Filter Design Summary PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD DESIGN Signal Integrity vs EMI EMI Issues in Printed Circuit Boards Digital Circuits Analog Circuits Where Analog Meets Digital PCB Partitioning and Critical Circuits PCB Construction Multilayer Board Stackup Isolated Planes Two-Layer Board Techniques Power Decoupling Signal Traces I/O Techniques Board Shielding Software Summary GROUNDING FOR EMI CONTROL What is a Ground? Different Types of Grounds Microshock Hazards - A Special Medical Grounding Concern What Makes a Good Ground? Ground Topologies Bonding Considerations Grounding Design and Guidelines Summary POWER AND POWER FILTERING Power Supplies Switching Topologies Interference in Power Supplies Controlling Interference Generation Immunity Protection Filters Summary INTERCONNECT AND MOUNTING Cables as Transmission Lines Common Mode and Differential Mode on Cables Cable Layout and Pinouts Signal Bandwidth Routing Your Cable Designing an Enclosure Summary SHIELDING AND SHIELDING MATERIALS The Physics of Shielding Estimating the Impedance of a Source Shielding Requirements Shielding Materials Where Shielding Fails Gasketing Perforations and Screens Cable Penetrations Grounding the Shield How Much Shielding is Needed? Partial Shields Local Shields Summary CABLES AND CONNECTIONS Cables as Antennas Common Mode vs Differential Mode Bandwidth Classifying Cables Cable Shielding and Connectors Cable Terminations Cable Design Recommendations Summary SPECIAL EMI PROBLEMS IN MEDICAL ELECTRONICS High Energy Interference Sources Electromechanical Devices Radio Sources Receiving Devices Leakage Current Limitations Coping with Internal Threats Coping with External Threats Summary SYSTEMS CONSIDERATIONS Identifying EMI Threats at the Site Site Preparation Maintaining Shielding Effectiveness Troubleshooting in the Field When System Fixes Will Not Work Summary Glossary Appendix A: References for EMC Publications Appendix B: Properties of Common Materials Appendix C: Constants and Conversions Appendix D: Miscellaneous Conversions