1. Introduction Heike Krieger Part I. Conditions for Compliance by Armed Groups, Focussing on Non-Hierarchical Instruments: 2. Rational motives for civilian targeting in civil war Reed Wood 3. Insurgent governance in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Zachariah Mampilly 4. The power of persuasion: the role of international non-governmental organizations in engaging armed groups Ulrich Schneckener and Claudia Hofmann 5. Comment - persuading armed groups to better respect international humanitarian law Olivier Bangerter 6. Implementing humanitarian norms through non-state armed groups Sandesh Sivakumaran Part II. Criminal Prosecution: Hierarchical Enforcement on Different Levels: 7. Courts of armed groups a tool for inducing higher compliance with international humanitarian law? Jan Willms 8. Comment - perspectives on courts established by armed opposition groups Dieter Fleck 9. The role of international criminal prosecutions in increasing compliance with international humanitarian law in contemporary African conflicts Robert Cryer 10. National courts: the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Jean-Michel Kumbu 11. Comment - the Congolese legal system and the fight against impunity for the most serious international crimes Balingene Kahombo Part III. International Organisations as Actors for Ensuring Compliance: 12. Enforcing international humanitarian law through human rights bodies Dominik Steiger 13. Comment - enforcement of international humanitarian law through the human rights organs of the African Union Faustin Zacharie Ntoubandi 14. The UN Security Councils special compliance systems - the regime of children and armed conflict Regina Klostermann 15. Ensuring peacekeepers' respect for international humanitarian law Siobhan Wills 16. Comment - obligations of States contributing to UN peacekeeping missions under Common Article 1 to the Geneva Conventions Matthew Happold 17. Comment - UN peacekeeping in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: the travails of civilian protection Denis M. Tull Part IV. The Role of Third States: 18. Common Article 1 to the Geneva Conventions: scope and content of the obligation to ensure respect - narrow but deep or wide and shallow? Robin Geiss 19. Complicity in violations of international humanitarian law Helmut Philipp Aust 20. International responsibility for humanitarian law violations by armed groups Kirsten Schmalenbach Conclusion: 21. Where states fail, non-state actors rise? Inducing compliance with international humanitarian law in areas of limited statehood Heike Krieger.
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