The Origin of Animal Body Plans: A Study in Evolutionary Developmental Biology

ISBN: 9780521779289 出版年：1997 页码：358 Wallace Arthur Cambridge University Press

Preface Acknowledgements Part I. Introduction: 1.1 A developmental approach to an evolutionary problem 1.2 The early history of the animal kingdom 1.3 Alternative strategies 1.4 Creation versus destruction 1.5 Systematics and the concept of natural classification 1.6 Micromutation versus macromutation 1.7 Developing organisms as inverted cones Part II. What is a Body Plan?: 2.1 Body plans and taxonomic levels 2.2 Body plans, cladograms and homology 2.3 Body plans and embryology 2.4 Body plans, genes and mutations 2.5 Body plans, adaptation and environments Part III. Patterns of Body Plan Origins: 3.1 Strategy 3.2 Patterns of metazoan inter-relationships 3.3 Early fossils: from cladograms to trees 3.4 Bringing back morphology 3.5 Paleoecology and possible adaptive scenarios Part IV. Evolutionary Developmental Biology: 4.1 From pattern to mechanism 4.2 The aims of Evolutionary Developmental Biology 4.3 A brief history 4.4 Is there a theory of development? Part V. Developmental Mechanisms: Cells and Signals: 5.1 Strategy 5.2 Cellular processes and architecture 5.3 Short-range signals: cell-cell contacts 5.4 Mid-range signals and the nature of 'morphogens' 5.5 Long-range signals and pan-organismic co-ordination 5.6 Patterns of interconnection: developmental programmes Part VI. Developmental Mechanisms: Genes: 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Overview of the genetics of Drosophila body axes 6.3 The Antennapedia and Bithorax complexes 6.4 The hedgehog gene and limb development 6.5 Developmental programmes and an evolutionary message Part VII. Comparative Developmental Genetics: 7.1 From development to evolution 7.2 Phylogeny of Hox genes 7.3 Dorso-ventral polarity in arthropods and chordates 7.4 Limb formation, hedgehog, and the nature of homology 7.5 Phylogeny of cadherin genes 7.6 Emergent evolutionary messages Part VIII. Gene Duplication and Mutation: 8.1 Introduction 8.2 The creation of new genes 8.3 Mutation: the classical approach 8.4 Mutation: a developmental approach 8.5 Mutation and the evolution of development Part IX. The Spread of Variant Ontogenies in Populations: 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Population genetic models of directional selection 9.3 Internal selection 9.4 The origin of body plans: a population perspective 9.5 Types of genetic change 9.6 Drift, drive and directed mutation Part X. Creation Versus Destruction: 10.1 A fourth 'eternal metaphor'? 10.2 Mutationists v. selectionists: a protracted debate 10.3 The structure of morphospace 10.4 Creation and destruction Part XI. Ontogeny and Phylogeny Re-Visited: 11.1 Mapping the two hierarchies 11.2 From two hierarchies to six 11.3 An important general pattern 11.4 Larval forms and complex life histories 11.5 Phenotypic complexity and evolutionary 'explosions' Part XII. Prospect: Expanding the Synthesis: 12.1 Neither boredom nor heresy 12.2 Completing the evolutionary circle 12.3 The main themes of Evolutionary Developmental Biology 12.4 Paths into the future References Index.