Introduction 1. An anti-national Richard Coeur de Lion: associational forms and the English crusading romance 2. Sir Isumbras's '[p]rivy' recovery: individual crusading in the fourteenth century 3. Fictions of recovery in later English crusading romances: Octavian and The Sowdone of Babylone 4. Re-figuring Catholic and Turk: early modern literatures of crusading and the end of the crusading romance Conclusion Bibliography.
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