Radiation and Health

ISBN: 9780415271622 出版年：2002 页码：241 Henriksen, Thormod Maillie, David H CRC Press

RADIATION IS DISCOVERED Introduction Radioactivity X-Rays Ionizing Radiation WHAT IS RADIOACTIVITY? Radioactive Elements The Nature of Radioation The Radioactive Series The Energy of the Radiation Description of a radioactive source Alpha Radiation The Penetration of Radiation RADIOACTIVE DECAY LAWS Half-life The Physical Half-life The Laws of Radioactive Decay Biological Half-life Radio-ecological Half-life ACTIVITY AND DOSE Activity in Becquerel Radiation Dose Equivalent Dose Effective Equivalent Dose Other Dose Units ARTIFICIAL RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES The Discovery Fission Activation analysis THE MEASUREMENT OF RADIATION Introduction Detection Instruments The Energy of the Radiation Dose Measurements Radiation Protection NATURAL RADIATION Introduction Cosmic Radiation Natural Gamma Radiation Internal Radioactivity (sources inside the body) Radon Summary RADIATION IN MEDICINE AND RESEARCH Radiation sources X-rays in Medicine Therapy Other Diagnostic Methods Radiation Therapy Research Isotopes Used in Industry Sterilizing Medical Equipment Irradiation of Food Products Control of Insects Doses Due to the Medical Used of Radiation NUCLEAR WEAPONS AND REACTOR ACCIDENTS Nuclear Bomb Tests Nuclear Tests on Novaja Zemlja The Chernobyl Accident Pollution Around Chernobyl Chernobyl Conclusions Other Reactor Accidents RADIATION AND HEALTH. LARGE DOSES Dose-Effect Curves What is a Large Dose? The Use of Large Doses LD50 Dose Acute Radiation Sickness SMALL DOSES AND RISK ESTIMATES The Dose-Effect Curve How Can We Get the Needed Information? Experimental Information on Radiation and Cancer Radiation-induced Cancer in Animals Epidemiological Studies Hiroshima and Nagasaki Conclusions about the Dose-Effect Curve Risk Analyses RADIATION BIOLOGY - MECHANISMS Radiation Biophysics Radiation Chemistry Radiation Damage to Proteins and DNA DNA Radiation Damage to Cells Protection Against Radiation Oxygen Effect and Sensitizing Compounds Radiation and Chromosomal Aberrations Repair Processes Adaptive Response Conclusion Genetic Damage Radiation During Pregnancy RADIATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT Use of Radiation in Society Nuclear Power Nuclear Power and Radioactive Releases Reprocessing Treatment and Storage Nuclear Power and Safety Radioactivity in the Ocean Radiation Doses to Fish Plutonium and Chemical Compounds Remedial Action Closing Remarks EXERCISES, EXAMPLES AND SCENARIOS ADDITIONAL READING, REFERENCES, AND INDEX