Part I. Origins and Practice: 1. The transplant effect: early origins of ordinances in England and India 2. Surrogate legislation: an empirical account of ordinances, 1952-2009 Part II. Law and Interpretation: 3. Negotiating the text: ordinances, Article 123, and the interpretative deficit 4. Reading minds: presidential satisfaction and judicial review of ordinances 5. The power of no: presidents, cabinets, and the making of ordinances.
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