Using Artificial Intelligence in Chemistry and Biology —— A Practical Guide

----- 人工智能在化学和生物中得应用

ISBN: 9780849384127 出版年：2008 页码：358 Cartwright, Hugh CRC Press

Artificial Intelligence What Is Artificial Intelligence? Classification The Practical Use of Artificial Intelligence Methods Organization of the Text Artificial Neural Networks Introduction Human Learning Computer Learning The Components of an Artificial Neural Network Training More Complex Problems Layered Networks Training a Layered Network: Backpropagation Learning Rate Momentum Practical Issues Traps and Remedies Applications Where Do I Go Now? Problems Self-Organizing Maps Introduction Measuring Similarity Using a Self-Organizing Map Components in a Self-Organizing Map Network Architecture Learning Adjustable Parameters in the SOM Practical Issues Drawbacks of the Self-Organizing Map Applications Where Do I Go Now? Problems Growing Cell Structures Introduction Growing Cell Structures Training and Evolving a Growing Cell Structure Growing the Network Removing Superfluous Cells Advantages of the Growing Cell Structure Applications Where Do I Go Now? Problems Evolutionary Algorithms Introduction The Evolution of Solutions Components in a Genetic Algorithm Representation of a Solution in the Genetic Algorithm Operation of the Genetic Algorithm Evolution When Do We Stop? Further Selection and Crossover Strategies Encoding Repairing String Damage Fine Tuning Traps Other Evolutionary Algorithms Applications Where Do I Go Now? Problems Cellular Automata Introduction Principles of Cellular Automata Components of a Cellular Automata Model Theoretical Applications Practical Considerations Extensions to the Model: Excited States Lattice Gases Applications Where Do I Go Now? Problems Expert Systems Introduction An Interaction with a Simple Expert System Applicability of Expert Systems Goals of an Expert System The Components of an Expert System Inference Engine Explanation and Limits to Knowledge Case-Based Reasoning An Expert System for All? Expert System Shells Can I Build an Expert System? Applications Where Do I Go Now? Problems Fuzzy Logic Introduction Crisp Sets Fuzzy Sets Calculating Membership Values Membership Functions Is Membership the Same as Probability? Hedges How Does a Fuzzy Logic System Work? Application of Fuzzy Rules Applications Where Do I Go Now? Problems Learning Classifier Systems Introduction A Basic Classifier System How a Classifier System Works Properties of Classifiers Learning Classifier System Applications Where Do I Go Now? Problems Evolvable Developmental Systems, N. Kharma Introduction and Motivation Relationship between Evolution and Development Production Rules and the Evolution of Digital Circuits Developmental Procedure Cellular Growth and the Evolution of Functions Description of Sample Problem Summary Future Challenges and Epilogue