Acknowledgments List of Illustrations Introduction Part I 1 Subaltern Worlds in Antebellum New York 2 The White Republic and "Workfare": Blackwell's Island 3 Not White, but Worthy: Maternalists and the "Pious Poor" of the Colored Home Part II 4 The Color of Juvenile Justice: The New York House of Refuge 5 Celtic Sisters, Saxon Keepers: Class, Whiteness, and the Women of the Hopper Home Part III 6 Black Voluntarism and American Identities: The Howard Orphanage and Industrial School Epilogue Appendix: Tables Notes Index About the Author
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