Contested Waters —— Sub-national Scale Water And Conflict In Pakistan

----- 争议水域：巴基斯坦次国家级水资源与冲突

ISBN: 9781788313421 出版年：2021 页码：129 Daanish Mustafa Bloomsbury Publishing

Based on interviews with decision makers and communities at the provincial, municipal, and village watercourse levels, this report reviews the evidence for water-related conflict at local, provincial, and interprovincial scales in Pakistan. It shows how water — a precious, unique, and finite resource — is not only contested in itself but also drafted as a weapon in conflicts over caste, ethnicity, and political allegiance. It explores competition for water between upstream and downstream provinces, controversy over large dam projects, conflict between fishing and farming communities in a degraded water environment, and conflicts related to irrigation and flooding. It also suggests technical, institutional, and political changes that could help negotiate Pakistan’s water-related conflicts and promote a more inclusive and sustainable development path.