1. Analyzing secularism: history, ideology, and policy Part I. The United States: 2. Passive secularism and the Christian right's challenge (1981-2008) 3. Religious diversity and the evolution of passive secularism (1776-1981) Part II. France: 4. Assertive secularism and the multiculturalist challenge (1989-2008) 5. The war of two Frances and the rise of assertive secularism (1789-1989) Part III. Turkey: 6. Assertive secularism and the Islamic challenge (1997-2008) 7. Westernization and the emergence of assertive secularism (1826-1997).
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