Introduction 1. Function to origin: national identity and national genius emerge, c.1700-80 2. From pastoral to picturesque: nature, art, and genre in the later eighteenth century 3. Genius versus Art in the creative process: 'national' and 'cultivated' music as categories, 1760-1800 4. The invention of folk modality, 1775-1840 5. 'Folk' and 'tradition': authenticity as musical idiom from the late eighteenth century onward 6. Organic 'art music' and individual original genius: aestheticizing the folk collective 7. Local nation and universal folk: the legacy of geography in musical categories 8. Folk and art music in the modern western world.
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