1. Introduction: institutions, organizations and actors 2. Overview of institutionalization in the European Union Part I. Institutionalization Through Litigation: 3. The ECJ and the expansion of gender equality rights 4. Environmental protection, non-compliance and judicial politics Part II. Institutionalization Through Mobilization: 5. Women's rights activists: informal to formal organizing 6. Collective activism for the environment 7. Conclusion: litigation, mobilization and governance.
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