Preface 1. The search for India: the empire of Vijayanagara through European eyes 2. Marco Polo's India and the Latin Christian tradition 3. Establishing lay science: the merchant and the humanist 4. The Portuguese and Vijayanagara: politics, religion and classification 5. The practice of ethnography: Indian customs and castes 6. The social and political order: Vijayanagara decoded 7. The historical dimension: from native traditions to European orientalism 8. The missionary discovery of South Indian religion: opening the doors of idolatry 9. From humanism to scepticism: the independent traveller in the seventeenth century 10. Conclusion: before orientalism Appendix Bibliography.
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