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Four years ago I contributed an article to The Iowa Journal of History and Politics upon The Scandinavian Factor in the American Population, in which I discussed briefly the causes of emigration from the Northern countries. This article forms the basis of chapters VI-VIII of the present volume, much new evidence from later years having, however, been added. In a subsequent issue of the same J our nal I published an article on The Coming of the Norwegians to Iowa, which is embodied in part in chapters III-V of this volume. The remaining thirty-six chapters are new. During the last three summers I have continued my investigation of that part of the subject which deals with the immigration movement. This book represents the results of that investigation down to 1848. For invaluable assistance in the investigation I gratefully acknowledge indebtedness to the numer ous pioneers whom, from time to time, I have inter viewed and who so kindly have given the aid sought.
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