The Social Order of the Underworld —— How Prison Gangs Govern the American Penal System

----- 黑社会的社会秩序-囚犯是如何控制美国刑罚制度的

ISBN: 9780199328499 出版年：2014 页码：237 Skarbek, David Oxford University Press

When most people think of prison gangs, they think of chaotic bands of violent, racist thugs. Few people think of gangs as sophisticated organizations (often with elaborate written constitutions) that regulate the prison black market, adjudicate conflicts, and strategically balance the competing demands of inmates, gang members, and correctional officers. Gangs form to create order among outlaws, producing alternative governance institutions to facilitate illegal activity. The ramifications of these findings extend beyond the seemingly irrational and often tragic society of captives. They also illuminate how social and political order can emerge in conditions where the traditional institutions of governance do not exist.