1. The preliminary reference 2. Which bodies may refer questions? 3. What questions can be referred? 4. When can a reference for a preliminary ruling be made? 5. When are national courts obliged to refer? 6. When ought a reference for a preliminary ruling to be made? 7. The form and content of a reference 8. Proceedings before national courts after making a reference 9. Procedure before the Court of Justice 10. The preliminary ruling 11. The effects of preliminary rulings 12. Costs and legal aid Table of cases Literature Index
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