Planning to Fail —— The US Wars in Vietnam, Iraq, and Afghanistan

----- 计划失败:美国在越南、伊拉克和阿富汗的战争

ISBN: 9780190935320 出版年：2019 页码：257 Lebovic, James H Oxford University Press

In this book, Lebovic identifies a common pattern that explains how the US failed to accomplish its goals in Vietnam, Iraq, and Afghanistan. Planning to Fail presents a detailed analysis of American decision-making in chapters devoted to each of these conflicts. It shows the same basic bias, at each of four stages of intervention. Such bias left US leaders working less than they should have when conditions permitted good choices, and then working fruitlessly when conditions left them with only bad choices.